本文關(guān)鍵詞：連動結(jié)構(gòu)毗鄰原則的認(rèn)知語義研究　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 連動結(jié)構(gòu) 顯影 歸地 毗鄰關(guān)系

【摘要】：本論文在認(rèn)知語法理論框架內(nèi),以漢語為語料探討連動結(jié)構(gòu)中動詞性成分之間的毗鄰關(guān)系問題。前人研究大致可分兩類。一類是從傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)主義角度進(jìn)行。這類研究多以現(xiàn)象描寫為重點(diǎn),較少探討兩個(gè)動詞性成分之間的連接關(guān)系;即便偶有涉及也多以研究連動結(jié)構(gòu)的某些典型次類為主,并沒有全面考察連動現(xiàn)象。另一類研究采取形式語法視角。該類研究考察的語言較多,豐富了我們對連動結(jié)構(gòu)的認(rèn)識,但也存在缺陷。一是將某種語言的連動結(jié)構(gòu)或所有語言的連動結(jié)構(gòu)視為均一現(xiàn)象,因之未能把握現(xiàn)象內(nèi)部的豐富性和復(fù)雜性。另一缺陷來源于形式句法理論本身:重形式輕語義的理論取向?qū)е麓祟愌芯繜o法探索語義因素對語法結(jié)構(gòu)的決定性作用。本文試圖從認(rèn)知-語義視角為該問題提供一個(gè)新的解決思路。研究主要采用了認(rèn)知語法中的兩個(gè)理論概念——顯影和歸地,以及認(rèn)知語法基于這兩個(gè)概念對并列結(jié)構(gòu)和從屬結(jié)構(gòu)的定義。一般認(rèn)為顯影適合處理單個(gè)小句層級的毗鄰關(guān)系問題,歸地適合處理多個(gè)小句層級的問題。由于在連動結(jié)構(gòu)中哪個(gè)動詞性成分在組合層面被顯影并不總是十分明顯,因此本研究將歸地也視為重要因素,作為判斷一個(gè)連動結(jié)構(gòu)是從屬還是并列,或是偏從屬/偏并列的依據(jù)。在分析部分,本研究首先理出了一個(gè)初步但可操作漢語小句歸地系統(tǒng),提出漢語有三種基本歸地手段:隱形歸地、以情態(tài)動詞歸地以及體標(biāo)記歸地。其中第三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和已有觀點(diǎn)不同�，F(xiàn)有歸地理論認(rèn)為體標(biāo)記不具有歸地作用,在觀察漢語事實(shí)后,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)漢語體標(biāo)記"了"、"過"和"正"具有歸地作用,而"著"則不具有歸地作用。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文對提出的四類連動結(jié)構(gòu)逐類加以分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)漢語的連動結(jié)構(gòu)在毗鄰關(guān)系上呈現(xiàn)出較高程度的復(fù)雜性。首先,典型的從屬結(jié)構(gòu)有帶"著"的方式類連動結(jié)構(gòu)和不及物移動類連動結(jié)構(gòu);典型的并列結(jié)構(gòu)只有及物的位移類連動結(jié)構(gòu)。其次,動作順序類連動結(jié)構(gòu)和帶"正"的方式類連動結(jié)構(gòu)類似于并列結(jié)構(gòu),但跟典型的并列結(jié)構(gòu)有些許差別,這些差別主要是由構(gòu)式本身或者認(rèn)知處理順序?qū)е碌�。第�?兼語類連動結(jié)構(gòu)也偏向并列結(jié)構(gòu),但和典型并列結(jié)構(gòu)的差別在于此類結(jié)構(gòu)跨越了多個(gè)注意窗口,而且并列項(xiàng)之間存在重合。通過研究,本文認(rèn)為漢語連動結(jié)構(gòu)在毗鄰關(guān)系問題上呈現(xiàn)出復(fù)雜性和多變性,并列和從屬等傳統(tǒng)的語法概念只能作為比較的原型標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而不能概括所有現(xiàn)象。此結(jié)論啟示我們在研究中要充分認(rèn)識并考慮語言現(xiàn)象的豐富性和復(fù)雜性,只有這樣才能充分挖掘和認(rèn)清語言事實(shí),加深我們對語言的理解。
[Abstract]:This thesis, in the framework of cognitive grammar, explores the adjacency relationship between verb elements in the contiguous structure with Chinese as the corpus. Previous studies can be roughly divided into two categories. One is from the perspective of traditional structuralism. Most of these studies focus on phenomenal description, and seldom discuss the connection between two verbal components. Even though they sometimes involve, they mostly study some typical sub classes of serial structures. Another kind of research takes formal grammatical perspective. There are many languages in this study, which enrich our understanding of the structure of continuous motion, but there are also defects. One is that the continuous structure of a certain language or the continuous structure of all languages is regarded as a homogeneous phenomenon, because it fails to grasp the richness and complexity of the phenomenon. Another drawback comes from the theory of formal syntax: the theoretical orientation of emphasizing form and semantics, which leads to such a study unable to explore the decisive role of semantic factors in grammatical structure. This paper attempts to provide a new solution to the problem from the cognitive semantic perspective. The research mainly adopts two theoretical concepts in cognitive grammar, namely, developing and returning to the ground, and the definition of coordinate structure and subordinate structure based on the two concepts of cognitive grammar. It is generally considered that development is suitable for dealing with the adjacent relations of a single sentence level, which is suitable for the problem of dealing with multiple clauses. Because the verb component in the serial structure is not always very visible at the combinatorial level, so this study will also regard it as an important factor. It is a basis for judging whether a serial structure is subordinate or parallel, or is partial / partial. In the analysis part, a preliminary and operable Chinese clause system is put forward in the first part of the study. It is pointed out that there are three basic ways to return to the Chinese clause: invisible land, modal verb and body marker. Third of these standards are different from the existing views. According to the existing theory of land return, body markers do not have the function of returning to earth. After observing the facts of Chinese, we found that Chinese body markers "Li", "Guo" and "Zheng" have the function of returning to the earth, while "zhe" does not have the function of returning to the earth. On this basis, we analyze the four kinds of linked structures by category, and find that Chinese serial structures show higher degree of complexity in the adjacency relationship. First of all, the typical subordinate structure has a serial structure and a transitive mobile serial structure. The typical parallel structure is transitive displacement serial structure. Secondly, the serial structure of action sequence and the serial structure with "positive" way are similar to the parallel structure, but they are somewhat different from the typical parallel structure. These differences are mainly caused by the construction itself or the order of cognitive processing. Third, these distinctions linkage structure tend to parallel structure, parallel structure and typical but the difference is that this kind of structure spanning multiple overlapping and windowing of attention, flexibility. Through research, we think that Chinese serial structure has complexity and variability in the problem of adjacency relations. The traditional grammatical concepts such as coordinate and subordinate can only be used as the prototype standard of comparison, but cannot summarize all phenomena. This conclusion inspires us to fully understand and consider the richness and complexity of linguistic phenomena in the study, so as to fully understand and understand language facts and deepen our understanding of language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：H146.3

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