【摘要】： 《文學(xué)的存在方式研究》向文學(xué)提出這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：文學(xué)是如何存在的?它在將文學(xué)視為一種客觀(guān)的、獨(dú)立的存在者的基礎(chǔ)上追問(wèn)文學(xué)這一存在者的整體存在，文學(xué)的這種整體存在就是通過(guò)它的“如何存在”來(lái)體現(xiàn)，即通過(guò)文學(xué)的存在方式和存在結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)體現(xiàn)�！段膶W(xué)的存在方式研究》的問(wèn)題背景是文學(xué)的本質(zhì)研究或文學(xué)本質(zhì)問(wèn)題，即對(duì)“文學(xué)是什么?”的追問(wèn)，對(duì)文學(xué)的“什么存在”或本質(zhì)的追問(wèn)。文學(xué)本質(zhì)研究所依持的是本質(zhì)主義的思維方式、本質(zhì)主義的知識(shí)建構(gòu)原則，受本質(zhì)主義的終極主義和絕對(duì)主義原則的制約�，F(xiàn)代文學(xué)本質(zhì)研究雖然取得了許多成果，但是，它同時(shí)也具有由本質(zhì)主義思維方式本身對(duì)于人類(lèi)思維、認(rèn)識(shí)的局限性所造成的本質(zhì)主義局限——只能把握相對(duì)于文學(xué)現(xiàn)象的文學(xué)本質(zhì)，同時(shí)將把握到的文學(xué)的某一方面的本質(zhì)終極化和絕對(duì)化，而不能把握文學(xué)的存在整體�！段膶W(xué)的存在方式研究》所依持的是一種非本質(zhì)主義的、整體主義的思維方式，這種思維方式的特點(diǎn)就是懸擱本質(zhì)主義思維方式、懸擱對(duì)于對(duì)象“是什么?”的追問(wèn)，而通過(guò)追問(wèn)對(duì)象“是如何存在的?”即追問(wèn)對(duì)象的存在方式和存在結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)直接把握對(duì)象的整體存在�！段膶W(xué)的存在方式研究》在非本質(zhì)主義的、整體主義思維方式的指導(dǎo)下，又具體依據(jù)一種“實(shí)事求是”的現(xiàn)象學(xué)方法，在這種現(xiàn)象學(xué)方法的指引下面對(duì)文學(xué)存在的“實(shí)事”本身——面對(duì)文學(xué)寫(xiě)作事件(活動(dòng))、文學(xué)閱讀事件(活動(dòng))、文學(xué)交往事件(活動(dòng))和在以上文學(xué)事件(活動(dòng))中得以確立其存在的文學(xué)作品——對(duì)文學(xué)存在的“實(shí)事”本身進(jìn)行現(xiàn)象學(xué)整體論的建構(gòu)，即構(gòu)造文學(xué)存在的存在方式和存在結(jié)構(gòu)——文學(xué)存在的四維整體結(jié)構(gòu)和文學(xué)存在之主體間的交流結(jié)構(gòu)，從而顯現(xiàn)文學(xué)的存在整體。文學(xué)存在的四維整體結(jié)構(gòu)的四個(gè)維度是文學(xué)主體(創(chuàng)作主體和閱讀主體)維度、文學(xué)形式維度、文學(xué)價(jià)值維度和文學(xué)存在的歷史維度，四維結(jié)構(gòu)整體是指文學(xué)世界；文學(xué)存在之主體間的交流結(jié)構(gòu)是在文學(xué)主體之間通過(guò)和圍繞文學(xué)世界而展開(kāi)的文學(xué)交流事件的存在結(jié)構(gòu)，包括文學(xué)主體間的交流機(jī)制、文學(xué)主體間交流對(duì)象和文學(xué)主體間的交流媒介等結(jié)構(gòu)環(huán)節(jié)。文學(xué)存在的四維整體結(jié)構(gòu)與文學(xué)存在之主體間的交流結(jié)構(gòu)基于共在、共生的關(guān)聯(lián)一同向我們顯現(xiàn)�！段膶W(xué)的存在方式研究》并不是為理論而理論，它有著突出的實(shí)踐意圖，這就是嘗試合理解決在現(xiàn)代文藝學(xué)研究(包括文學(xué)理論研究、文學(xué)批評(píng)和文學(xué)史研究)所存在的諸多問(wèn)題，尤其是關(guān)于文學(xué)的內(nèi)部研究／外部研究、內(nèi)部規(guī)律／外部規(guī)律的問(wèn)題。就象非本質(zhì)主義的、整體主義思維方式并不必要排斥、并不反對(duì)本質(zhì)主義思維方式一樣，，《文學(xué)的存在方式研究》也并不排斥、并不否定文學(xué)的本質(zhì)研究，相反，它從現(xiàn)代文學(xué)本質(zhì)研究的豐富成果中吸取了許多相關(guān)的、有益的理論資源，它認(rèn)為，對(duì)于文學(xué)的存在方式研究與對(duì)于文學(xué)的本質(zhì)研究是一種相互對(duì)照、相互補(bǔ)充的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The Study of Literature's Way of Existence raises such a question to literature: how does literature exist? It inquires into the existence of literature as a whole on the basis of regarding literature as an objective and independent existence. The existence of literature as a whole is embodied by its "how to exist", that is, through the existence of literature. The background of the question is the essential study of literature or the essential question of literature, that is, the inquiry into "what is literature?" and the inquiry into "what exists" or essence of literature. The study of the nature of modern literature has made many achievements, but at the same time it also has the essentialist limitations caused by the limitations of the essentialist way of thinking itself on human thinking and cognition, which can only grasp the literary essence relative to literary phenomena. At the same time, the essence of a certain aspect of literature is ultimately polarized and absolutized, but the existence of literature as a whole can not be grasped. The question of "how does the object exist?" that is, how does the object exist and its structure of existence directly grasp the whole existence of the object. Under the guidance of phenomenological methods, the literary works that can establish the existence of literary existence in the face of literary writing events (activities), literary reading events (activities), literary communication events (activities) and the above literary events (activities) are discussed in phenomenological holism. The four dimensions of the four-dimensional overall structure of literary existence are the dimensions of literary subject (creative subject and reading subject), literary form, and literature. The dimension of literary value and the historical dimension of literary existence refers to the literary world as a whole; the communication structure between the subjects of literary existence is the existing structure of literary communication events through and around the literary world, including the communication mechanism between the literary subjects, the communication objects between literary subjects and literary subjects. The four-dimensional structure of literary existence and the communicative structure between the subjects of literary existence are based on coexistence, and the symbiotic relations are shown to us together. There are many problems in the study of literary theory, literary criticism and literary history, especially in the study of internal/external and internal/external laws of literature. On the contrary, it draws a lot of relevant and beneficial theoretical resources from the rich achievements of the study of the essence of modern literature. It holds that the study of the mode of existence of literature and the study of the essence of literature are mutually reinforcing and complementary.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I02

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 單曉溪;現(xiàn)代傳媒語(yǔ)境中的文學(xué)存在方式研究[D];四川大學(xué);2006年

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