清教主義對(duì)壘超驗(yàn)主義—小說(shuō)《紅字》的一大主題
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2024-11-29 21:58
納撒尼爾·霍桑被譽(yù)為十九世紀(jì)美國(guó)最杰出的小說(shuō)家之一。清教主義是霍桑思想體系中很重要的一部分。在他的代表作《紅字》中,霍桑利用清教的基本理念駁斥超驗(yàn)主義,這成為《紅字》的一大主題。 首先,關(guān)于人與上帝的關(guān)系,霍桑堅(jiān)守清教中“上帝的絕對(duì)權(quán)威”與“人的內(nèi)在墮落”等教義。正因?yàn)槿绱,超?yàn)主義的某些觀點(diǎn)在霍?磥(lái)是完全不能接受的,例如:人性本善,人力無(wú)限及人依靠固有本能接近上帝等觀念;羯UJ(rèn)為人只有首先感悟到自己的內(nèi)在墮落才能產(chǎn)生懺悔之意,通過(guò)懺悔、悔改及贖罪人才能接近上帝。 第二,至于人與社會(huì)的關(guān)系,霍桑從未贊同過(guò)超驗(yàn)論者所提倡的個(gè)人主義。在霍?磥(lái),沉浸于自我欣賞與自我利益中的個(gè)人主義者疏離了社會(huì),同樣犯下了罪。另外,霍桑也不能接受超驗(yàn)論者們關(guān)于改革社會(huì)的激進(jìn)論調(diào)。 第三,霍桑對(duì)人與自然之間關(guān)系的理念也反映了他與超驗(yàn)論者很大的不同。超驗(yàn)論者認(rèn)為自然的面目從來(lái)不會(huì)丑陋,人能與自然融合并超越到上帝的層面。而霍桑卻認(rèn)為自然是荒野、荒蠻及異端的象征,它是人類文明社會(huì)的對(duì)立面,并且會(huì)誘導(dǎo)人遠(yuǎn)離上帝的道路和文明社會(huì)。 第四,在...
【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】:48 頁(yè)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【文章目錄】:
Abstract
中文摘要
前言
Chapter One Puritanism and Transcendentalism
1.1 Puritanism
1.2 Transcendentalism
Chapter Two Hawthorne's Puritanic Ideas about the Relationship between God and Man
2.1 The Social Background—Puritan Influences
2.2 Biblical Allusions in "The Scarlet Letter"
2.3 Hawthorne's Rebuke of Emerson's Transcendentalism Concerning the Relationship between God and Man
Chapter Three Hawthorne's Puritanic Ideas about the Relationship between Man and Society
3.1 Social Circumstances in Hawthorne's time
3.2 Hawthorne's Puritanic Views on the Relationship between Man and Society
Chapter Four Hawthorne's Puritanic Ideas about the Relationship between Man and Nature
4.1 Transcendentalist Ideas of Nature in Hawthorne's time
4.2 Hawthorne's Puritanic Views on the Relationship between Man and Nature
Chapter Five Hawthorne's Puritanic Ideas about the Relationship between Human Beings
5.1 Hawthorne's Puritanic Views on the Relationship between Individuals
5.2 Hawthorne's Puritanic Views on the Relationship between Man and Woman
Chapter Six Conclusion
Notes
References
本文編號(hào):4012906
【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】:48 頁(yè)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【文章目錄】:
Abstract
中文摘要
前言
Chapter One Puritanism and Transcendentalism
1.1 Puritanism
1.2 Transcendentalism
Chapter Two Hawthorne's Puritanic Ideas about the Relationship between God and Man
2.1 The Social Background—Puritan Influences
2.2 Biblical Allusions in "The Scarlet Letter"
2.3 Hawthorne's Rebuke of Emerson's Transcendentalism Concerning the Relationship between God and Man
Chapter Three Hawthorne's Puritanic Ideas about the Relationship between Man and Society
3.1 Social Circumstances in Hawthorne's time
3.2 Hawthorne's Puritanic Views on the Relationship between Man and Society
Chapter Four Hawthorne's Puritanic Ideas about the Relationship between Man and Nature
4.1 Transcendentalist Ideas of Nature in Hawthorne's time
4.2 Hawthorne's Puritanic Views on the Relationship between Man and Nature
Chapter Five Hawthorne's Puritanic Ideas about the Relationship between Human Beings
5.1 Hawthorne's Puritanic Views on the Relationship between Individuals
5.2 Hawthorne's Puritanic Views on the Relationship between Man and Woman
Chapter Six Conclusion
Notes
References
本文編號(hào):4012906
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