《神曲》中雙希文化沖突與但丁的意圖
發(fā)布時間：2019-02-25 21:33
【摘要】：中世紀(jì)是希臘文化與希伯來文化交流、融合、對立、發(fā)展最為劇烈的時代,兩種文化之間的張力構(gòu)成了中世紀(jì)文化的主要特征。但丁作為中世紀(jì)文化的思想者,時代的總結(jié)者,雙希文化張力在他思想中表現(xiàn)得尤為明顯。其作品《神曲》既有對中世紀(jì)神學(xué)的虔誠贊美,同時又透露出新時代人文主義思想的曙光,在“雙重真理”的指引下,構(gòu)建了一條完美人生之路。實際上雙希文化之間的融合是有限度的,兩者在本質(zhì)上是兩種異質(zhì)文化,因而《神曲》呈現(xiàn)出多義性與矛盾性的張力。這種文本上的張力,不僅源自文化自身內(nèi)在的張力,也是但丁對雙希文化之思的結(jié)果。從這個意義上來說,但丁不愧為中世紀(jì)最偉大的詩人,同時也鑄就了《神曲》的經(jīng)典性。 從但丁的生平經(jīng)歷中可以看出,他受到了良好的希臘式知識教育,形成了以希臘精神為核心的人生理想,同時虔誠的修道院經(jīng)歷、大起大落的政治生活,又讓他對希伯來文化有了更深刻的生命體驗。在與希臘精神和希伯來精神的相遇過程中,但丁借助《神曲》中地獄-煉獄-天堂的旅程,探尋人類的命運,尋找人生的價值意義。 在《神曲》地獄、煉獄和天堂三部曲中奇譎怪異的情節(jié)中,獨特的人物命運,多義性的言說方式,都是文本張力的最好的詮釋。尤利西斯受罰事件的真相,不是要對希臘文化或者是希伯來文化的張揚,而是啟示出要審慎地對待雙希文化張力中的人生：而以同為異教徒的斯塔提烏斯與維吉爾的不同境遇,彰顯出了文化價值選擇之于個體的價值意義；但丁對貝雅特麗齊的愛戀、贊美,抑或是遺忘、背叛,不僅揭示出真實的人生境況之時,也深刻探討了人精神成長的可能。 但丁在改寫、并置與創(chuàng)造等言說方式中,是要解決雙希文化內(nèi)在的“自然/恩典”對立矛盾,他有意地忽視原罪而為人爭取獨立自由,確立了人生的價值高度；同時強調(diào)人生的自救與懺悔,在回歸宗教信仰的過程中,賦予人的靈魂以永恒的向度。但丁最后用愛來彌合理性與信仰這兩種文化的思維模式的差異,為人拓寬了生命的廣度、挖掘了靈魂的深度。但丁的這些探索在作品中整體上是和諧統(tǒng)一的,但也遮掩不了其在思想、文本上所體現(xiàn)出來的矛盾與危機,可以說,他的成功是有限的“成功”,他的失敗是一種高貴的“失敗”。但丁既成就了其自身的偉大,也鑄就了《神曲》的經(jīng)典性。
[Abstract]:The Middle Ages is an era of exchange, fusion, antagonism and development between Greek culture and Hebrew culture. The tension between the two cultures constitutes the main characteristics of medieval culture. Dante as the thinker of medieval culture and the summer of the times, the tension of Shuangxi culture is especially obvious in his thought. His work "Divine Song" not only has pious praise for medieval theology, but also reveals the dawn of humanism in the new era. Under the guidance of "double Truth", it constructs a road of perfect life. In fact, there is a limit to the fusion between the two cultures. In essence, the two cultures are two heterogeneous cultures, so the Divine Song shows the tension of polysemy and contradiction. The tension in the text is not only the inner tension of the culture itself, but also the result of Dante's thinking of Shuangxi culture. In this sense, Dante deserves to be the greatest poet of the Middle Ages, and also the classic of the Divine Song. From Dante's life experience, it can be seen that he received a good Greek-style education of knowledge, formed the Greek spirit as the core of the ideal of life, at the same time pious monastery experience, the ups and downs of political life. It also gave him a deeper life experience of Hebrew culture. In his encounter with the Greek and Hebrew spirits, Dante sought the fate of mankind and the value of life through the journey of hell, purgatory and heaven in the Divine Song. In Hell, Purgatory and Paradise Trilogy, the unique fate of characters and polysemy are the best interpretations of the tension of the text. The truth of Ulysses's punishment is not to publicize Greek culture or Hebrew culture, but to reveal that life should be treated cautiously in the tension of double Greek culture: instead, the different circumstances of Statius and Virgil, who were also pagans, It shows the value significance of the cultural value choice to the individual; Dante's love, praise, or forgetting, betrayal of Beatrice not only revealed the real circumstances of life, but also deeply explored the possibility of spiritual growth. In the way of rewriting, co-placing and creating, Dante wants to solve the contradiction of "nature / grace" inherent in Shuangxi culture. He deliberately neglects the original sin and strives for independence and freedom for human beings, thus establishing the high value of life. At the same time emphasize the self-rescue and repentance of life, in the process of returning to religious belief, give the human soul an eternal dimension. Dante finally uses love to bridge the difference between rationality and belief, which broadens the breadth of life and excavates the depth of soul. Dante's exploration is harmonious and unified in his works as a whole, but he can not hide the contradictions and crises embodied in his thoughts and texts. It can be said that his success is limited to "success." His failure was a noble failure. Dante not only achieved his own greatness, but also made the classics of the Divine Song.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I546.072
本文編號：2430555
[Abstract]:The Middle Ages is an era of exchange, fusion, antagonism and development between Greek culture and Hebrew culture. The tension between the two cultures constitutes the main characteristics of medieval culture. Dante as the thinker of medieval culture and the summer of the times, the tension of Shuangxi culture is especially obvious in his thought. His work "Divine Song" not only has pious praise for medieval theology, but also reveals the dawn of humanism in the new era. Under the guidance of "double Truth", it constructs a road of perfect life. In fact, there is a limit to the fusion between the two cultures. In essence, the two cultures are two heterogeneous cultures, so the Divine Song shows the tension of polysemy and contradiction. The tension in the text is not only the inner tension of the culture itself, but also the result of Dante's thinking of Shuangxi culture. In this sense, Dante deserves to be the greatest poet of the Middle Ages, and also the classic of the Divine Song. From Dante's life experience, it can be seen that he received a good Greek-style education of knowledge, formed the Greek spirit as the core of the ideal of life, at the same time pious monastery experience, the ups and downs of political life. It also gave him a deeper life experience of Hebrew culture. In his encounter with the Greek and Hebrew spirits, Dante sought the fate of mankind and the value of life through the journey of hell, purgatory and heaven in the Divine Song. In Hell, Purgatory and Paradise Trilogy, the unique fate of characters and polysemy are the best interpretations of the tension of the text. The truth of Ulysses's punishment is not to publicize Greek culture or Hebrew culture, but to reveal that life should be treated cautiously in the tension of double Greek culture: instead, the different circumstances of Statius and Virgil, who were also pagans, It shows the value significance of the cultural value choice to the individual; Dante's love, praise, or forgetting, betrayal of Beatrice not only revealed the real circumstances of life, but also deeply explored the possibility of spiritual growth. In the way of rewriting, co-placing and creating, Dante wants to solve the contradiction of "nature / grace" inherent in Shuangxi culture. He deliberately neglects the original sin and strives for independence and freedom for human beings, thus establishing the high value of life. At the same time emphasize the self-rescue and repentance of life, in the process of returning to religious belief, give the human soul an eternal dimension. Dante finally uses love to bridge the difference between rationality and belief, which broadens the breadth of life and excavates the depth of soul. Dante's exploration is harmonious and unified in his works as a whole, but he can not hide the contradictions and crises embodied in his thoughts and texts. It can be said that his success is limited to "success." His failure was a noble failure. Dante not only achieved his own greatness, but also made the classics of the Divine Song.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I546.072
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