【摘要】：杰克·倫敦是19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初美國(guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期最偉大的小說(shuō)家之一,他的很多作品被列為美國(guó)文學(xué)經(jīng)典。荒野是其眾多小說(shuō)中不可或缺的獨(dú)特背景，倫敦因?qū)囊暗木拭鑼?xiě)而被稱(chēng)為荒野作家�！痘囊暗暮魡尽罚�1903）作為一部典型的荒野作品，被公認(rèn)為杰克·倫敦最好的作品。批評(píng)界多從該小說(shuō)中的人物形象、敘事結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)言特色等方面展開(kāi)討論，對(duì)其荒野背景和主題意義的關(guān)注卻顯不足。 本文從文化批評(píng)的角度，旨在對(duì)這部小說(shuō)的荒野意蘊(yùn)進(jìn)行解讀，認(rèn)為它不僅是關(guān)于狗的動(dòng)物故事，更是關(guān)于生命的寓言故事。倫敦根據(jù)自己的北疆經(jīng)歷于20世紀(jì)之初即美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展，社會(huì)矛盾急劇激化的轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期，創(chuàng)作了這部作品，通過(guò)一只狗的故事，象征性地表達(dá)了對(duì)處于20世紀(jì)初美國(guó)社會(huì)各階層人民生存狀況的關(guān)注以及對(duì)生命力的思考。本文結(jié)合19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初的美國(guó)社會(huì)歷史文化背景，以作品中的三類(lèi)不同角色為切入點(diǎn)，探討了生活在荒野上的三類(lèi)角色各自的生存狀況和命運(yùn)，對(duì)作品中的荒野意蘊(yùn)進(jìn)行了深入的分析,挖掘出文本背后所蘊(yùn)含的意識(shí)形態(tài)幻象，權(quán)力關(guān)系和對(duì)積極自由的追尋。 文章主體包含三章，首先分析了荒野對(duì)象征著外來(lái)移民的淘金人來(lái)說(shuō)是虛幻的希望之地，他們受到宗教和媒體合力建構(gòu)的意識(shí)形態(tài)幻象即美國(guó)夢(mèng)的誘惑，，奔向荒野尋找希望最終卻命喪于此。接著闡述了荒野對(duì)象征著下層人民的雪橇狗的來(lái)說(shuō)意味著絕望的深淵，他們?cè)诒┝鸵?guī)訓(xùn)的權(quán)力關(guān)系網(wǎng)中艱難求生，最終慘死于殘酷的暴力法則和無(wú)盡的苦役之中。最后分析了荒野對(duì)象征著強(qiáng)者的狼群來(lái)說(shuō)是歡樂(lè)的游樂(lè)場(chǎng)，只有強(qiáng)者才最終克服了“消極自由”，實(shí)現(xiàn)了“積極自由”，體驗(yàn)到生命本身的自由和野性。結(jié)論部分闡明了倫敦關(guān)于生命的思考，即強(qiáng)者的生存狀態(tài)是生命自身迸發(fā)而出的野性的生命力。
[Abstract]:Jack London is one of the greatest novelists in the period of American social transformation in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Many of his works are classified as American literary classics. Wilderness is an indispensable and unique background in his novels. London is called a wilderness writer for its wonderful description of wilderness. Call of the Wilderness (1903), as a typical wilderness work, is recognized as Jack London's best work. Critics mainly discuss the characters, narrative structure and language characteristics of the novel, but pay less attention to its wilderness background and theme meaning. From the perspective of cultural criticism, this paper aims to interpret the wildness of this novel, which is not only the animal story of dogs, but also the fable of life. London, based on its own experience of the northern frontier at the beginning of the 20th century, a period of rapid economic growth in the United States and a period of sharp social strife, created this work through the story of a dog. It symbolically expresses the concern about the living conditions and the vitality of American people in the early 20th century. Based on the historical and cultural background of American society at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, this paper discusses the living conditions and fate of the three types of characters living in the wilderness. This paper makes a deep analysis of the meaning of wilderness in the works, and excavates the ideological illusion, the power relationship and the pursuit of positive freedom behind the text. The main body of the article consists of three chapters. Firstly, the paper analyzes that the wilderness is an unreal place of hope for the gold miners who symbolize the immigrants, and they are seduced by the ideological illusion constructed by religion and the media, that is, the American dream. Run to the wilderness for hope and die here. Then it is explained that the wilderness means the abyss of despair for the sled dogs who symbolize the underclass, who struggle to survive in the network of power relations of violence and discipline, and end up in cruel laws of violence and endless servitude. Finally, it is analyzed that the wilderness is a happy playground for the wolves who symbolize the strong. Only the strong finally overcome "negative freedom", realize "positive freedom", and experience the freedom and wildness of life itself. The conclusion illustrates London's thinking on life, that is, the living state of the strong is the wild vitality of life itself.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I712.074

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