【摘要】：同化是美國(guó)移民研究中一個(gè)非常重要、同時(shí)也是頗具爭(zhēng)議性的問(wèn)題。隨著大量非白人移民的不斷涌入，人們?cè)絹?lái)越關(guān)切這些移民是否會(huì)遵循早期歐洲裔移民的同化模式。墨西哥裔作為美國(guó)最大的非白人移民群體而總是位于爭(zhēng)論的風(fēng)口浪尖。墨裔移民早在一個(gè)世紀(jì)前就開(kāi)始了他們的美國(guó)移民之旅，而自1970年代以來(lái)移民人數(shù)一直保持上漲趨勢(shì)。經(jīng)過(guò)四至五代墨裔移民之后，與祖輩相比近幾代墨裔美國(guó)人雖有很多顯著的不同之處，但仍然處于社會(huì)分層的最底端。他們中的大多數(shù)人沒(méi)有上過(guò)大學(xué)，住在西班牙裔社區(qū)，從事著低薪且毫無(wú)技含量的工作。大量且不曾間斷的墨裔移民給美國(guó)社會(huì)諸多方面帶來(lái)影響。因其同化模式與早期的歐洲裔移民不大相同，所以本土主義者認(rèn)為后幾代墨裔美國(guó)人正在而且將會(huì)在同化過(guò)程中走下坡路，從而給為美國(guó)社會(huì)帶來(lái)前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)和威脅。與早期的歐洲裔相比，墨西哥裔要面對(duì)的社會(huì)問(wèn)題更多，導(dǎo)致其同化速度相對(duì)緩慢，但是他們的同化前景是樂(lè)觀的。 本研究結(jié)合墨裔群體內(nèi)部幾代之間的比較和墨裔與美國(guó)不同族群間的對(duì)比，來(lái)揭示墨裔美國(guó)人在同化過(guò)程中遇到的社會(huì)問(wèn)題和導(dǎo)致這些問(wèn)題的社會(huì)根源。最終得出結(jié)論，改變墨裔的現(xiàn)狀，，最根本且有效的方法就是加大對(duì)其教育的投資，讓其享有與非墨裔白人同等的教育。
[Abstract]:Assimilation is a very important and controversial issue in American immigration research. With the influx of nonwhite immigrants, there is growing concern that these immigrants will follow the assimilation patterns of early European immigrants. Mexicans, the largest group of non-white immigrants in the United States, have always been at the forefront of the debate. Mexican immigrants, who began their American journey a century ago, have been on an upward trend since the 1970s. After four to five generations of Mexican immigrants, recent generations of Mexican-Americans are still at the bottom of social stratification, although there are many significant differences compared with their ancestors. Most of them never went to college, lived in Hispanic communities, and had low-paid and unskilled jobs. A large and uninterrupted number of Mexican immigrants have had an impact on many aspects of American society. Because the assimilation model is not the same as the early European immigrants, nativists believe that the later generations of Mexican Americans are and will decline in the process of assimilation, thus bringing unprecedented challenges and threats to American society. Compared with the early Europeans, Mexicans face more social problems, resulting in a relatively slow assimilation rate, but their prospects for assimilation are optimistic. In this study, the social problems encountered by Mexican Americans in assimilation process and the social root causes of these problems are revealed by the comparison of several generations within the Mexican American community and the comparison between Mexican Americans and different ethnic groups in the United States. Finally, it is concluded that the most fundamental and effective way to change the status quo of Mexican people is to invest more in their education so that they can enjoy the same education as non-Mexican whites.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：I712.06

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