論伍爾夫在《海浪》中的生態(tài)意識
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-03 14:51
【摘要】：弗吉尼亞·伍爾夫是20世紀(jì)文學(xué)界最重要的現(xiàn)代主義作家之一。她一生中創(chuàng)作了很多才華橫溢的作品,如《達洛衛(wèi)夫人》、《到燈塔去》、《一間自已的房間》、《海浪》等。很多評論家認(rèn)為《海浪》是最能體現(xiàn)她天賦的作品,代表了她藝術(shù)生涯的最高峰。雖然人們普遍把它看成小說,確切的說,這本書更像是一部散文詩。它不僅體現(xiàn)了伍爾夫超越傳統(tǒng)的敘事技巧,也反映了她的生態(tài)意識。 伍爾夫生活在一個動蕩不安的時代。20世紀(jì)初期,資本主義迅速發(fā)展,帝國主義產(chǎn)生,導(dǎo)致了世界大戰(zhàn),自然破壞以及人際關(guān)系的緊張。在這種情況下,她十分關(guān)注人類的生存狀態(tài)�？傮w來說,在《海浪》中,伍爾夫的生態(tài)意識可以概括為對生態(tài)和諧與平衡的追求,包括三個方面；自然,社會和精神生態(tài)。她探討了一系列的關(guān)系,比如人與自然,個人與社會,自然與精神之間的關(guān)系。其中,人與自然的關(guān)系是最根本的。在伍爾夫看來,人類只有處理好了這些關(guān)系,使它們達到一種平衡狀態(tài),才能過上和諧、幸福的生活。伍爾夫的生態(tài)思想與生態(tài)批評理論不謀而合。因此,本文以生態(tài)批評為基礎(chǔ),旨在從以上三個方面探索伍爾夫的生態(tài)思想,分為三章。 第一章主要分析自然、人類以及他們之間的關(guān)系。對于人與自然的關(guān)系,大體上有兩種截然不同的觀點：生態(tài)中心主義,以自然為中心,人類是自然的一部分；人類中心主義：以人類為中心,人類是自然的主人。很明顯,伍爾夫支持前一種觀點。在《海浪》中,她認(rèn)為人類是自然的一部分,應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循自然規(guī)律,就像潮起潮落。人類的生命與自然的律動相一致。并且,人類與自然可以和諧共處。人類可以融入自然。然而,這種人與自然的和諧卻在一定程度上被人類的行為打破了。人與自然之間也存在沖突。沖突之一在于人類對自然的破壞。雖然伍爾夫支持自然中心的觀點,這并不意味著她否認(rèn)人的創(chuàng)造性。人類不是自然的奴隸。他們可以利用自然并在自然中創(chuàng)造他們的生活。 第二章主要論述了《海浪》中的社會生態(tài)問題。人類作為生物鏈上相對獨立的一環(huán),自身內(nèi)部也存在生態(tài)平衡問題。面對這些問題,社會生態(tài)學(xué)家致力于建立一個和諧的社會。本章主要從工業(yè)文明,大英帝國,以及人與社會的關(guān)系來討論《海浪》中體現(xiàn)出來的社會危機。首先伍爾夫?qū)ΜF(xiàn)代文明持辨證的態(tài)度,既承認(rèn)它的光明面,又看到它的陰暗面,如環(huán)境污染。其次,通過分析《海浪》中波西瓦爾的死,展現(xiàn)了伍爾夫?qū)Φ蹏髁x的諷刺。最后分析了個人對社會的態(tài)度。通過分析,可以很明顯的看出伍爾夫?qū)ι鐣C的關(guān)注,以及對社會和諧與生態(tài)的向往。 第三章探討了《海浪》中人物的精神生態(tài)危機。自然生態(tài)和社會生態(tài)的失衡必然會導(dǎo)致精神生態(tài)的失衡,因此,精神生態(tài)理應(yīng)是生態(tài)批評的研究范圍。身處動蕩不安的時代,很多人都遭受種種精神危機的折磨�！逗＠恕分械木裆鷳B(tài)危機主要體現(xiàn)在兩個方面：自我的迷失和對生命意義的困惑。以羅達和伯納德為代表,伍爾夫揭示了那個時代的人們可能面臨的精神危機。同時,伍爾夫也暗示了解決精神問題的途徑.途徑之一就是回歸自然,融入自然,自然是最好的治愈師。 總之,伍爾夫的《海浪》體現(xiàn)了她超前的生態(tài)意識。她的生態(tài)意識可以總結(jié)為對自然,社會和精神生態(tài)和諧與平衡的追求。這三個方面是相互依賴,相互影響的。伍爾夫的生態(tài)意識對于今天的生態(tài)危機具有借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Virginia Woolf is one of the most important modernist writers in the 20th century. She has created many brilliant works in her life, such as "Mrs. Dalloway", "To the Lighthouse", "A Room of Her Own", "The Wave". Many critics believe that "The Wave" is the best work that reflects her talent and represents the highest level of her artistic career. Although it is generally regarded as a novel, to be exact, it is more like a prose poem. It not only embodies Woolf's transcendental narrative skills, but also reflects her ecological consciousness.
Woolf lived in a turbulent era. In the early 20th century, the rapid development of capitalism and the emergence of imperialism led to world wars, natural destruction and tension in human relations. In this case, she was very concerned about the state of human existence. The pursuit of harmony and balance includes three aspects: nature, society and spiritual ecology. She explores a series of relationships, such as the relationship between man and nature, between the individual and society, between nature and spirit. Woolf's ecological thought coincides with the theory of ecological criticism. Therefore, based on ecological criticism, this paper aims to explore Woolf's ecological thought from the above three aspects, which is divided into three chapters.
The first chapter mainly analyzes nature, human beings and their relationship. There are two totally different viewpoints about the relationship between human beings and nature: ecocentrism, nature-centered, human being being is a part of nature; anthropocentrism: human being is the center and human being is the master of nature. In Waves, she argues that human beings are part of nature and should follow the laws of nature, like the ebb and flow of tides. Human life is in accord with the rhythms of nature. Moreover, human beings and nature can coexist harmoniously. Human beings can blend into nature. However, this harmony between human beings and nature is broken to a certain extent by human behavior. There is also a conflict with nature. One of the conflicts is the destruction of nature by human beings. Although Woolf supports the idea of nature as the center, this does not mean that she denies human creativity. Human beings are not slaves to nature. They can use nature and create their lives in nature.
Chapter Two mainly discusses the social and ecological problems in Waves. As a relatively independent link in the biological chain, human beings also have ecological balance problems within themselves. Faced with these problems, social ecologists are committed to building a harmonious society. This chapter mainly discusses the relationship between industrial civilization, the British Empire and human society. First, Woolf has a dialectical attitude towards modern civilization, recognizing both its bright side and its dark side, such as environmental pollution. Secondly, Woolf's satire on imperialism is revealed by analyzing the death of Bosivar in Wave. Finally, his attitude towards society is analyzed. It clearly shows Woolf's concern for the social crisis and his yearning for social harmony and ecology.
The third chapter discusses the spiritual ecological crisis of the characters in The Wave. The imbalance of natural ecology and social ecology will inevitably lead to the imbalance of spiritual ecology. Therefore, spiritual ecology should be the research scope of ecological criticism. In the turbulent times, many people suffer from various spiritual ecological crises. Woolf, represented by Rhoda and Bernard, reveals the spiritual crisis that people of that era may face. At the same time, Woolf also suggests ways to solve spiritual problems. One of the ways is to return to nature and integrate into nature. Nature is the best healer.
In a word, Woolf's "Waves" embodies her advanced ecological consciousness. Her ecological consciousness can be summarized as the pursuit of harmony and balance among nature, society and spiritual ecology. These three aspects are interdependent and interactional. Woolf's ecological consciousness is of reference significance to today's ecological crisis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I561.074
本文編號：2220295
[Abstract]:Virginia Woolf is one of the most important modernist writers in the 20th century. She has created many brilliant works in her life, such as "Mrs. Dalloway", "To the Lighthouse", "A Room of Her Own", "The Wave". Many critics believe that "The Wave" is the best work that reflects her talent and represents the highest level of her artistic career. Although it is generally regarded as a novel, to be exact, it is more like a prose poem. It not only embodies Woolf's transcendental narrative skills, but also reflects her ecological consciousness.
Woolf lived in a turbulent era. In the early 20th century, the rapid development of capitalism and the emergence of imperialism led to world wars, natural destruction and tension in human relations. In this case, she was very concerned about the state of human existence. The pursuit of harmony and balance includes three aspects: nature, society and spiritual ecology. She explores a series of relationships, such as the relationship between man and nature, between the individual and society, between nature and spirit. Woolf's ecological thought coincides with the theory of ecological criticism. Therefore, based on ecological criticism, this paper aims to explore Woolf's ecological thought from the above three aspects, which is divided into three chapters.
The first chapter mainly analyzes nature, human beings and their relationship. There are two totally different viewpoints about the relationship between human beings and nature: ecocentrism, nature-centered, human being being is a part of nature; anthropocentrism: human being is the center and human being is the master of nature. In Waves, she argues that human beings are part of nature and should follow the laws of nature, like the ebb and flow of tides. Human life is in accord with the rhythms of nature. Moreover, human beings and nature can coexist harmoniously. Human beings can blend into nature. However, this harmony between human beings and nature is broken to a certain extent by human behavior. There is also a conflict with nature. One of the conflicts is the destruction of nature by human beings. Although Woolf supports the idea of nature as the center, this does not mean that she denies human creativity. Human beings are not slaves to nature. They can use nature and create their lives in nature.
Chapter Two mainly discusses the social and ecological problems in Waves. As a relatively independent link in the biological chain, human beings also have ecological balance problems within themselves. Faced with these problems, social ecologists are committed to building a harmonious society. This chapter mainly discusses the relationship between industrial civilization, the British Empire and human society. First, Woolf has a dialectical attitude towards modern civilization, recognizing both its bright side and its dark side, such as environmental pollution. Secondly, Woolf's satire on imperialism is revealed by analyzing the death of Bosivar in Wave. Finally, his attitude towards society is analyzed. It clearly shows Woolf's concern for the social crisis and his yearning for social harmony and ecology.
The third chapter discusses the spiritual ecological crisis of the characters in The Wave. The imbalance of natural ecology and social ecology will inevitably lead to the imbalance of spiritual ecology. Therefore, spiritual ecology should be the research scope of ecological criticism. In the turbulent times, many people suffer from various spiritual ecological crises. Woolf, represented by Rhoda and Bernard, reveals the spiritual crisis that people of that era may face. At the same time, Woolf also suggests ways to solve spiritual problems. One of the ways is to return to nature and integrate into nature. Nature is the best healer.
In a word, Woolf's "Waves" embodies her advanced ecological consciousness. Her ecological consciousness can be summarized as the pursuit of harmony and balance among nature, society and spiritual ecology. These three aspects are interdependent and interactional. Woolf's ecological consciousness is of reference significance to today's ecological crisis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I561.074
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