【摘要】：加繆是法國(guó)著名的文學(xué)家和思想家，是存在主義作家的代表之一。1945年，他在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中反法西斯的斗爭(zhēng)中榮獲抵抗運(yùn)動(dòng)勛章。他將哲學(xué)思想和文學(xué)創(chuàng)作相結(jié)合，從尊重普遍人性與人的尊嚴(yán)出發(fā)，從討論自殺出發(fā)，，到討論殺人結(jié)束，先后推出了三個(gè)與人類(lèi)命運(yùn)密切相關(guān)的主題，用來(lái)探討人類(lèi)生存觀。加繆的中道平衡思想是建立在“荒誕”和“反抗”兩大主題的基礎(chǔ)之上的。他的思想發(fā)展脈絡(luò)大致為：荒誕—反抗—中道（有節(jié)制的反抗），力求達(dá)到矛盾兩極的平衡。加繆在“反抗”這一主題中，加繆經(jīng)歷了從個(gè)體反抗到群體的反抗的思想質(zhì)變，而中道是對(duì)他反抗主題的承接，指的是反抗的限度，即中道原則，用以平衡兩極。各個(gè)脈絡(luò)之中相互關(guān)聯(lián)，相互貫通，相輔相成。人因意識(shí)到“荒誕”而產(chǎn)生了“反抗”，而反抗又應(yīng)發(fā)展成為有節(jié)制、有限度的反抗，即中道。 加繆是生長(zhǎng)并沐浴在地中海的日光下的阿爾及利亞人。他的地中海思想以人道主義為最終歸屬。加繆承接古希臘思想，提出設(shè)立一個(gè)具有相對(duì)性的目標(biāo)，而它的關(guān)鍵是節(jié)制、中道、平衡。加繆繼承亞里士多德的思想，力圖在充滿(mǎn)暴力的世界里倡導(dǎo)節(jié)制思想。他在《反抗者》中不僅提出了反抗的概念，還承接了反抗即中道思想，中道一直貫穿始終并與其它概念相隨。從他最初的《反與正》、《西西弗的神話(huà)》、至《正義者》、《反抗者》等作品無(wú)一不貫穿了他的中道思想。在《反抗者》這部書(shū)中加繆提出了他的“南方思想”，也稱(chēng)“地中海思想”。它是以古希臘思想之中的適度、節(jié)制、博愛(ài)即中道平衡為理論原則的。加繆試圖用南方思想超越當(dāng)代的虛無(wú)主義。其中心觀點(diǎn)為：一切革命都是以反抗開(kāi)始，以專(zhuān)制結(jié)束；革命是必要的，但還要有一定的限度和法則來(lái)防止革命陷入虛無(wú)主義與過(guò)度的暴力；革命應(yīng)忠實(shí)并回歸于它的起源反抗，建立在以節(jié)制、中道、平衡為原則的人道主義。人道主義是以尊重人的尊嚴(yán)和關(guān)注人類(lèi)共同性為基礎(chǔ)的。本文結(jié)合加繆的哲理散文、戲劇、小說(shuō)、抒情散文等加繆的各個(gè)時(shí)期的不同作品來(lái)對(duì)加繆思想作全面的梳理。 加繆是一個(gè)道德家，他思想的終極目標(biāo)是人類(lèi)幸福、社會(huì)和諧、世界和平。他的提出的自殺問(wèn)題、暴力戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以及反極權(quán)的問(wèn)題，至今仍是我們需要加以研究和完善。
[Abstract]:Camus, a famous French writer and thinker, was one of the representatives of existentialist writers. In 1945, he was awarded the Medal of Resistance in the struggle against fascism in World War II. He combines philosophical thought with literary creation, from respecting universal human nature and human dignity, from discussing suicide to discussing the end of killing, he successively puts forward three themes closely related to the fate of human beings, which are used to probe into the concept of human existence. Camus' thought of the balance of the middle way is based on the themes of absurdity and revolt. His thought development course is: absurdity-revolt-middle way (moderate resistance), strive to achieve the balance of contradiction and polarity. In the theme of "resistance", Camus experienced the ideological change from individual resistance to group resistance, and the middle way was the undertaking of his resistance theme, which refers to the limit of resistance, that is, the principle of the middle way, to balance the two poles. Each choroid is interrelated, interlinked and complementary. People realize "absurdity" and produce "revolt", which should be developed into moderate and limited resistance, that is, midway. Camus was an Algerian who grew up and bathed in the Mediterranean sun. His Mediterranean thought belongs to humanitarianism. Camus carried on the ancient Greek thought and proposed the establishment of a relative goal, and its key is moderation, middle way, balance. Camus inherited Aristotle's ideas and tried to advocate abstinence in a world of violence. He not only put forward the concept of resistance, but also accepted the idea of resistance as the middle way in the Rebellion, which runs through and goes with other concepts all the time. From his first works, the Anti and the right, the Myth of Sisyphus, to the just, and the Rebellion, all of his works permeate his midway thoughts. In the Rebellion, Camus presents his Southern thought, also known as Mediterranean thought. It is based on the ancient Greek thought of moderation, fraternity, that is, the balance of the middle way as a theoretical principle. Camus tried to transcend contemporary nihilism with southern thought. Its central point of view is: all revolutions begin with revolt and end with autocracy, revolution is necessary, but there must be certain limits and rules to prevent revolution from falling into nihilism and excessive violence. The revolution should be faithful and return to its origin and revolt, based on the principles of moderation, moderation and balance. Humanitarianism is based on respect for human dignity and concern for human commonality. This paper combines Camus' different works of philosophical prose, drama, novel, lyrical prose and so on to make a comprehensive combing of Camus' thought. Camus is a moralist whose ultimate goal is human happiness, social harmony and world peace. His questions of suicide, violent war and anti-totalitarianism still need to be studied and perfected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I565.074

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