【摘要】：公元前八至七世紀(jì)，古希臘人荷馬編纂兩部荷馬史詩(shī)《伊利亞特》和《奧德賽》。從此，這兩部史詩(shī)和古希臘神話一起，成為西方文學(xué)藝術(shù)的源頭。荷馬史詩(shī)以其宏大壯闊的敘事結(jié)構(gòu)，立體飽滿的人物形象，以及對(duì)人類(lèi)命運(yùn)的深切關(guān)注著稱(chēng)于世。其中的《奧德賽》更是以其豐富多元的主題意向，意蘊(yùn)深厚的人物關(guān)系，以及多維錯(cuò)綜的講述方式而對(duì)后世的西方文學(xué)藝術(shù)影響深遠(yuǎn)。 綜觀整部《奧德賽》，其最顯著的主題有三方面。一是貫穿兩部荷馬史詩(shī)的英雄主義情結(jié)�！秺W德賽》的主要內(nèi)容為希臘聯(lián)軍的主要將領(lǐng)奧德修斯受海神波塞冬的阻撓而遲遲不能返家，在歸途中于各種自然環(huán)境和奇幻異象斗爭(zhēng)的過(guò)程。荷馬史詩(shī)描寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容注定了其英雄主義特質(zhì)。二是《奧德賽》中所體現(xiàn)出的家庭模式和愛(ài)情關(guān)系。奧德修斯、其妻帕涅羅帕、其子忒勒馬科斯構(gòu)成一個(gè)穩(wěn)固的家庭關(guān)系，其分別代表了英雄式父親、賢德式妻母、以及健勇式兒子這一傳統(tǒng)美好的家庭關(guān)系。而奧德修斯和帕涅羅帕之間也相應(yīng)地體現(xiàn)了一種穩(wěn)定的愛(ài)情關(guān)系。三是《奧德賽》中的男性視角，荷馬史詩(shī)的創(chuàng)作者是男性自不待言，而整個(gè)古希臘宗法制社會(huì)的男權(quán)背景為史詩(shī)的男性視角提供了充分的保證。 本文從現(xiàn)代西方文學(xué)藝術(shù)與荷馬史詩(shī)《奧德賽》的關(guān)聯(lián)性入手，透析前者如何與后者發(fā)生關(guān)聯(lián)。現(xiàn)代西方文學(xué)對(duì)荷馬史詩(shī)的重新構(gòu)建在形式上主要體現(xiàn)為三個(gè)方面：一是其所述內(nèi)容直接取材于荷馬史詩(shī)；二是借用荷馬史詩(shī)中出現(xiàn)的主要人物形象；三是套用《奧德賽》的敘事模式。 現(xiàn)代西方文學(xué)藝術(shù)中“奧德賽”這一形象母題的出現(xiàn)主要顯現(xiàn)其于荷馬史詩(shī)的差異性。這部分對(duì)應(yīng)概述中對(duì)荷馬史詩(shī)主題的總結(jié)，主要體現(xiàn)為三個(gè)方面。一是進(jìn)入二十世紀(jì)后的現(xiàn)代，西方普遍出現(xiàn)一種英雄主義的覆滅情緒，這種覆滅于荷馬史詩(shī)《奧德賽》中英雄主義的高漲形成了鮮明的對(duì)比。二是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中傳統(tǒng)的倫理意識(shí)不再堅(jiān)固，因此《奧德賽》中古希臘宗法制度統(tǒng)治下的家庭關(guān)系和愛(ài)情關(guān)系也隨之不再居于穩(wěn)固的地位。三是西方女性主義思潮的興起帶動(dòng)了思想界和文學(xué)界中性別意識(shí)的萌發(fā)和女性對(duì)話語(yǔ)權(quán)的爭(zhēng)奪，在女性主義文學(xué)家創(chuàng)作的一些作品中對(duì)男權(quán)意識(shí)的《奧德賽》進(jìn)行了某種解構(gòu)。本文注重從這三方面對(duì)西方現(xiàn)代文學(xué)藝術(shù)中有關(guān)“奧德賽”的作品進(jìn)行深入和細(xì)致的解讀。
[Abstract]:From the eighth to the seventh century BC, the ancient Greek Homer compiled two Homer epics, Iliad and Odysseus. From then on, these two epics and ancient Greek mythology together become the source of western literature and art. Homer epic is famous for its grand narrative structure, solid and full characters, and deep concern for the fate of mankind. Among them, Odyssey has a profound influence on the western literature and art with its rich and diverse theme intention, profound character relationship and multi-dimensional and intricate way of narration. Looking at the whole of Odyssey, its most prominent themes are threefold. One is the heroism complex that runs through the two Homer epics. The main content of Odysseus is that Odysseus, the main general of the Greek coalition, was prevented from returning home by Poseidon, the god of the sea. The process of struggle between the natural environment and fantasy vision on the way home. The content of Homer's epic description doomed his heroism. The second is the family pattern and love relationship embodied in Odyssey. Odysseus, his wife Panelopa, and his son Telemakos constitute a strong family relationship, representing the traditional good family relationship of heroic father, virtuous wife and mother, and valiant son. The relationship between Odysseus and Panieropa also reflects a stable love relationship. Thirdly, the male perspective in Odyssey, the creator of Homer epic is male, and the patriarchal background of the whole ancient Greek patriarchal society provides a sufficient guarantee for the male perspective of the epic. This article begins with the connection between modern western literature and art and Homer's epic Odyssey, and analyzes how the former is related to the latter. The reconstruction of Homer epic in modern western literature is mainly embodied in three aspects: one is that the content is derived directly from Homer epic, the other is borrowing the main characters of Homer epic. The third is to apply the narrative mode of Odyssey. The appearance of the image motif "Odyssey" in modern western literature and art mainly shows the difference in Homer epic. This part of the corresponding summary of Homer epic theme, mainly reflected in three aspects. First, in the modern era after the 20th century, there is a kind of heroism in the west, which is in contrast to the surge of heroism in Homer epic Odyssey. Second, the traditional ethical consciousness in modern society is no longer firm, so the family relationship and love relationship under the patriarchal system of Middle Greece are no longer in a stable position. Thirdly, the rise of western feminism has led to the germination of gender consciousness in the field of thought and literature and the struggle of women for the right to speak. In some works of feminist writers, Odyssey, the consciousness of masculinity, has been deconstructed to some extent. This paper focuses on the three aspects of the western modern literature and art about the works of Odyssey in-depth and detailed interpretation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I106

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