《小婦人》中體現(xiàn)的超驗主義思想
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-29 15:38
【摘要】：自從1868年《小婦人》首次面世以來,在接下來的一百四十多年間這部小說從未曾停止過印刷出版,《小婦人》在美國乃至世界文學(xué)中的地位越來越重要。《小婦人》的作者路易莎·梅·奧爾科特在新英格蘭地區(qū)長大成人,深受超驗主義思想的影響,是一位重要的美國女作家。《小婦人》形式上是一部家庭日志,生動地講述了馬奇家四姐妹的成長故事。由于其復(fù)雜的文化情景和背景,一個多世紀(jì)以來《小婦人》被以現(xiàn)實主義、女性主義及成長小說等多重視覺進(jìn)行了解讀。本文試圖從超驗主義視角解讀這篇小說,并發(fā)掘該小說中體現(xiàn)出的超驗主義思想。 論文的第一章簡略地介紹了超驗主義,著重闡述了超驗主義的基本思想,并探討了這些思想對路易莎·梅·奧爾科本人及其代表作《小婦人》的深遠(yuǎn)影響。第二章詳細(xì)闡述了超驗主義自然觀在小說中的體現(xiàn)。超驗主義者宣揚人、自然與神的統(tǒng)一,認(rèn)為自然界處處體現(xiàn)出神性,因此自然對人的精神能夠起到使其復(fù)原的作用,與此同時,人在不同時期的不同心境也體現(xiàn)在自然的變化過程當(dāng)中。小說中馬奇一家不斷從自然中獲得安慰,馬奇家四姐妹也因此而一直與大自然保持了和諧共處的關(guān)系。論文第三章著重闡述超驗主義的個人觀在《小婦人》中的體現(xiàn)。作為愛默生超驗主義思想的擁護(hù)者,奧爾科特竭力在《小婦人》中塑造出超驗主義思想所提倡的個體。拉爾夫·瓦爾德·愛默生在其隨筆《論自助》中強(qiáng)調(diào)了做一名能夠自助的個人的重要性。愛默生還指出個體需要通過與“依從”和“錯誤的一致性”相抗?fàn)?才能獲得自助這一品質(zhì)。馬奇姐妹的精神之旅中都體現(xiàn)出了自助這一品質(zhì),尤其體現(xiàn)在大姐美格的精神之旅和小妹艾美對藝術(shù)的不懈追求過程中。論文第四章對小說女主人公喬這一角色進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析,喬作為超驗主義在《小婦人》中的代表人物擁有無限的人格魅力。超驗主義思想既體現(xiàn)在喬的精神之旅中,又體現(xiàn)在她的性格之內(nèi)。喬在其豐富的工作經(jīng)歷中一直堅持著自立自助的思想,這種思想也同樣體現(xiàn)在她對寫作的熱愛和追求過程中。而喬對婚姻的選擇則體現(xiàn)出她的個人主義和擁有自知之明的品質(zhì)。論文通過對喬和小說作者奧爾科特性格特點相似之處的分析,對喬和其三姐妹關(guān)系的解讀、性格的對比分析指出,正是由于超驗主義思想賦予了喬獨特的性格特點,她才能夠成為十九世紀(jì)打破傳統(tǒng)女性形象的典范。 通過對《小婦人》這部作品的細(xì)致分析可以看出小說作者奧爾科特受到了超驗主義思想的深遠(yuǎn)影響。超驗主義是美國文化形成時期的一個重要思想,它為十九世紀(jì)的美國學(xué)者和作家提供了一個全新地思想體系。因此奧爾科特可以被稱為美國文學(xué)史上的一位重要作家,而她的代表作《小婦人》作為一部處處體現(xiàn)出超驗主義思想的文學(xué)作品也在美國文學(xué)上占有一席之地。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of Little woman in 1868, The novel never stopped printing for more than 140 years, and Little Women became more and more important in American and world literature. Louisa May Alcott, author of Little Women, was in New England. Growing up in the Grand area, Deeply influenced by transcendentalism, she is an important American female writer. "Little woman" is formally a family journal that vividly tells the story of the growing up of the four sisters of the March family. For more than a century, Little Women has been interpreted in terms of realism, feminism and growth novels because of its complex cultural context and background. This paper attempts to interpret the novel from the perspective of transcendentalism and explore the transcendentalism thought embodied in the novel. The first chapter briefly introduces transcendentalism, emphasizes on the basic thoughts of transcendentalism, and probes into their profound influence on Louisa May Orco and her masterpiece, Little woman. The second chapter elaborates the embodiment of transcendental view of nature in the novel. Transcendentalists preach the unity of man, nature and god, and believe that nature embodies divinity everywhere, so that nature can restore the spirit of man, at the same time, People in different periods of different mood also reflected in the natural process of change. In the novel, the Macki family gets comfort from nature, and the four Mackie sisters always keep harmonious relationship with nature. Chapter three focuses on the embodiment of transcendentalism in Little woman. As an advocate of Emerson's transcendentalism, Alcott strives to shape the individual advocated by transcendentalism in Little woman. Ralph Wald Emerson emphasizes the importance of being a self-help individual in his essay on self-help. Emerson also points out that individuals need to struggle with compliance and wrong consistency in order to achieve the quality of self-help. The spirit journey of the March sisters embodies the quality of self-help, especially in the spiritual journey of the elder sister Meg and the unremitting pursuit of art by the younger sister Amy. Chapter four makes a detailed analysis of Joe, the heroine of the novel, who, as a representative character of transcendentalism in Little woman, has unlimited personality charm. Transcendentalism is embodied both in Joe's spiritual journey and in her character. In her rich work experience, Joe persisted in the idea of self-reliance and self-help, which was also reflected in her love and pursuit of writing. Joe's choice of marriage reflects her individualism and self-knowledge. Based on the analysis of the similarities between Joe and Alcott, the comparative analysis of the relationship between Joe and his three sisters, the author points out that it is because of transcendentalism that Joe is endowed with his unique character. She was able to become a model for breaking down traditional female images in the 19 th century. Through the careful analysis of Little woman, we can see that the author of the novel, Alcott, is deeply influenced by transcendentalism. Transcendentalism was an important thought in the formation of American culture, which provided a new ideological system for American scholars and writers in the nineteenth century. Therefore, Alcott can be called an important writer in the history of American literature, and her masterpiece, Little woman, as a literary work which embodies transcendentalism everywhere, also occupies a place in American literature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.074
本文編號：2153149
[Abstract]:Since the birth of Little woman in 1868, The novel never stopped printing for more than 140 years, and Little Women became more and more important in American and world literature. Louisa May Alcott, author of Little Women, was in New England. Growing up in the Grand area, Deeply influenced by transcendentalism, she is an important American female writer. "Little woman" is formally a family journal that vividly tells the story of the growing up of the four sisters of the March family. For more than a century, Little Women has been interpreted in terms of realism, feminism and growth novels because of its complex cultural context and background. This paper attempts to interpret the novel from the perspective of transcendentalism and explore the transcendentalism thought embodied in the novel. The first chapter briefly introduces transcendentalism, emphasizes on the basic thoughts of transcendentalism, and probes into their profound influence on Louisa May Orco and her masterpiece, Little woman. The second chapter elaborates the embodiment of transcendental view of nature in the novel. Transcendentalists preach the unity of man, nature and god, and believe that nature embodies divinity everywhere, so that nature can restore the spirit of man, at the same time, People in different periods of different mood also reflected in the natural process of change. In the novel, the Macki family gets comfort from nature, and the four Mackie sisters always keep harmonious relationship with nature. Chapter three focuses on the embodiment of transcendentalism in Little woman. As an advocate of Emerson's transcendentalism, Alcott strives to shape the individual advocated by transcendentalism in Little woman. Ralph Wald Emerson emphasizes the importance of being a self-help individual in his essay on self-help. Emerson also points out that individuals need to struggle with compliance and wrong consistency in order to achieve the quality of self-help. The spirit journey of the March sisters embodies the quality of self-help, especially in the spiritual journey of the elder sister Meg and the unremitting pursuit of art by the younger sister Amy. Chapter four makes a detailed analysis of Joe, the heroine of the novel, who, as a representative character of transcendentalism in Little woman, has unlimited personality charm. Transcendentalism is embodied both in Joe's spiritual journey and in her character. In her rich work experience, Joe persisted in the idea of self-reliance and self-help, which was also reflected in her love and pursuit of writing. Joe's choice of marriage reflects her individualism and self-knowledge. Based on the analysis of the similarities between Joe and Alcott, the comparative analysis of the relationship between Joe and his three sisters, the author points out that it is because of transcendentalism that Joe is endowed with his unique character. She was able to become a model for breaking down traditional female images in the 19 th century. Through the careful analysis of Little woman, we can see that the author of the novel, Alcott, is deeply influenced by transcendentalism. Transcendentalism was an important thought in the formation of American culture, which provided a new ideological system for American scholars and writers in the nineteenth century. Therefore, Alcott can be called an important writer in the history of American literature, and her masterpiece, Little woman, as a literary work which embodies transcendentalism everywhere, also occupies a place in American literature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.074
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相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條
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