【摘要】：英國(guó)作家多麗絲·萊辛的作品中涉及的主題很廣泛,其中,精神分裂是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)主題。萊辛的第一部小說《野草在歌唱》中的主人公瑪麗·特納就經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)精神分裂的過程,該過程與著名的現(xiàn)代精神病學(xué)家、心理學(xué)家羅納德·大衛(wèi)·萊恩的精神分裂癥理論相符。 萊恩指出,所有人從一開始就處于世界中,并處于與他人的關(guān)系中,因此都擁有一個(gè)共同的“存在于世”的生存狀態(tài)。這種狀態(tài)對(duì)個(gè)人的精神發(fā)展有很大影響�，旣愄丶{爾的“存在于世”狀態(tài)對(duì)她的精神發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了很大的負(fù)面影響。具體地說,在瑪麗小時(shí)候,不和諧的家庭氣氛使她身心俱疲；當(dāng)她進(jìn)入社會(huì)后,人們用傳統(tǒng)婚姻觀評(píng)判她,使她承受著巨大的輿論壓力；結(jié)婚后,瑪麗不幸福的婚姻也令她沮喪不堪。 小說中,瑪麗從小就遭受萊恩理論中的“存在性不安”�，旣惖牟话哺衼碜杂谌笔Ц改傅膼�,而她對(duì)于“家”這個(gè)概念錯(cuò)位的理解更加強(qiáng)化了這種不安感。 萊恩認(rèn)為,遭遇“存在性不安”的個(gè)體會(huì)經(jīng)歷三種不安形式,這三種不安形式可以用來解釋瑪麗的行為�，旣愂紫仍馐芰恕巴虥]不安”�，旣惓錾谝粋�(gè)不和諧的家庭,父親是一個(gè)沒有責(zé)任心的酒鬼,母親只會(huì)整天抱怨,瑪麗的童年過得很苦。為了不被這種沮喪的家庭氛圍所吞沒,瑪麗采取了一種防御機(jī)制,即她將自我分裂為“假自我”和“真自我”。在保持其“假自我”的同時(shí),瑪麗的“真自我”處于被壓抑的狀態(tài)。這種分裂一直持續(xù)到瑪麗30多歲。這時(shí)的瑪麗遭受了“僵化不安”,其自我進(jìn)一步分裂。“僵化不安”是由于害怕失去自主性而產(chǎn)生的一種不安形式。為了維持自主性,一方面,瑪麗將自己僵化為“16歲的瑪麗”而忽略自己的真實(shí)年齡,因?yàn)?6歲是瑪麗一生中最快樂的時(shí)期；另一方面,她將他人,尤其是男性,僵化為不會(huì)威脅其自主性的物體。這樣,瑪麗既可以像她16歲那樣著裝打扮,也可以不用擔(dān)心自主性受到威脅,從而可以與他人保持良好的關(guān)系。然而,當(dāng)她偶然聽到朋友們議論她年齡如此大還不結(jié)婚時(shí),她感覺到內(nèi)心很虛空。這是因?yàn)?她的“真自我”長(zhǎng)期處于被壓抑的狀態(tài),致使她失去了面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的能力�，F(xiàn)實(shí)對(duì)瑪麗來說就變成了聚爆性的�，旣愐惨虼嗽庥隽恕熬郾话病薄榱丝朔@種不安,瑪麗匆匆地嫁給了迪克·特納來迎合社會(huì)傳統(tǒng)。但是,這場(chǎng)婚姻并沒有把瑪麗從不安中拯救出來。迪克的無能和沒有孩子的絕望使瑪麗到達(dá)了精神崩潰的邊緣。 瑪麗本可以被黑人家仆摩西拯救,因?yàn)槟ξ鹘o瑪麗的生命帶來了活力,瑪麗被摩西的男性氣勢(shì)所吸引,而且在他的身上找到了她從小缺失的父愛。但是,為了屈從于集體準(zhǔn)則,瑪麗放棄了自我整合的機(jī)會(huì),并最終導(dǎo)致精神崩潰。 瑪麗的精神崩潰既有自身的原因,也有社會(huì)的責(zé)任。其分裂的內(nèi)因在于她的想象與現(xiàn)實(shí)的分離。這也符合萊恩提出的造成精神分裂的內(nèi)因。當(dāng)瑪麗還是小女孩的時(shí)候,她就把英國(guó)這個(gè)她從未去過的地方想象成她的家,進(jìn)而否定她真正的家；當(dāng)瑪麗步入30歲后,她依然想象她只有16歲,而否定了她的真實(shí)年齡；當(dāng)瑪麗結(jié)婚后,她幻想著能把丈夫變成她所希望的樣子,但卻失敗了�，旣惖南胂蠛同F(xiàn)實(shí)之間不斷的分離加劇了她自我的分裂,并最終導(dǎo)致她精神的崩潰。萊恩認(rèn)為家庭和社會(huì)是導(dǎo)致精神分裂癥的兩個(gè)外因,也成為造成瑪麗悲劇的兩個(gè)外因。不和諧的家庭氛圍在瑪麗的心里留下了很深的傷疤,進(jìn)而引發(fā)了瑪麗終生的自我分裂。進(jìn)入社會(huì)之后,瑪麗受到集體準(zhǔn)則的束縛。當(dāng)瑪麗在摩西的身上找到了實(shí)現(xiàn)自我整合的可能之時(shí),她被迫在集體準(zhǔn)則和個(gè)人情感之間做選擇�，旣愡x擇了前者,放棄了實(shí)現(xiàn)自我整合的機(jī)會(huì)。同時(shí),瑪麗也成為她所處的那個(gè)自私的團(tuán)體的犧牲品。當(dāng)她被謀殺之后,所有的團(tuán)體成員都選擇了保持緘默,因?yàn)樗麄兒ε乱鹬\殺的真相會(huì)使整個(gè)團(tuán)體蒙羞。 簡(jiǎn)而言之,本論文旨在通過羅納德·大衛(wèi)·萊恩的精神分裂癥理論分析瑪麗精神分裂的過程及原因。首先,瑪麗的精神分裂(或萊恩理論中的“自我的分裂”)是由她的存在性不安引起的。伴隨存在性不安而來的是“吞沒不安”、“僵化不安”和“聚爆不安”三種不安形式。其次,羅納德·大衛(wèi)·萊恩認(rèn)為,精神分裂癥的誘因包括內(nèi)因和外因兩方面。引起瑪麗的精神分裂的內(nèi)因是想象與現(xiàn)實(shí)的分離,外因包括瑪麗所在的家庭和她所處的社會(huì)。
[Abstract]:Doris Lessin, a British writer, involves a wide range of themes, of which schizophrenia is a frequent theme. Lessing's first novel, the hero Mary Turner in the weeds, has experienced a process of schizophrenia, the process and the famous modern psychiatrist, psychologist Ronald David. Ryan's theory of schizophrenia is consistent.
Ryan points out that all people are in the world from the beginning and are in the relationship with others, so they all have a common "existence in the world" existence state. This state has a great influence on the individual's spiritual development. Marit Nall's "existence in the world" has a great negative impact on her spiritual development. When she was a child, the disharmonious family atmosphere made her physically and mentally exhausted; when she entered the society, people judged her with the traditional concept of marriage, which made her bear great pressure of public opinion; after marriage, Marie's unhappy marriage also made her depressed.
In the novel, Marie suffered from the "uneasiness of existence" in Ryan's theory from an early age. Marie's unease came from missing parents' love, and her understanding of the misconception of the concept of "home" strengthened the feeling of unease.
Ryan believes that the experience of "existence uneasiness" experiences three kinds of uneasy forms. These three forms of unease can be used to explain Marie's behavior. Marie first suffered "swallowing uneasiness." Marie was born in a disharmonious family, father was an unresponsible wine ghost, mother only complained all day, Marie's childhood passed. Very bitter. In order not to be swallowed by this depressed family atmosphere, Marie took a defensive mechanism, that she split herself into "false self" and "true self". While keeping his "false self", Marie's "true ego" was in a state of repression. This split continued until Marie was more than 30 years old. Marie suffered from this time. In order to maintain autonomy, Marie turned himself into a "16 year old Marie" and ignored his true age, because 16 was the happiest period of Marie's life; on the other hand, she was the happiest time of Marie's life. In this way, Marie can be dressed up as she is 16 years old and can not be threatened by her autonomy, so that she can keep a good relationship with others. However, she feels the heart of her heart when she occasionally hears that her friends are so old and not married. It's very empty. It's because her "true self" is in a state of depression that has lost her ability to face reality. The reality has turned to Marie's exploding nature. Marie, too, has suffered "uneasy". In order to overcome this uneasiness, Marie hastily married Dick Turner to cater for the social tradition. But, this Field marriage did not save Marie from any peace. Dick's incompetence and despair without children brought Marie to the brink of collapse.
Maribe can be saved by the black home servant Mose, because Mose has brought vitality to Marie's life, Marie is attracted by the masculine spirit of Mose, and finds her father's love for her childhood. But in order to succumb to the collective rules, Marie gave up the opportunity for self integration and eventually led to a mental collapse.
Marie's spiritual collapse has its own cause and social responsibility. The separation is due to the separation of her imagination and reality. It also conforms to the internal cause of Ryan's schizophrenia. When Marie was a little girl, she thought of Britain, the place she had never been to, as her home, and then denied her true. Home; when Marie was 30 years old, she still imagined that she was only 16 years old and denied her true age; when Marie married, she fantasized that she could turn her husband into what she wanted, but failed. The separation between Marie's imagination and reality exacerbated her self splitting and eventually led to her spiritual collapse. Lane thought that Family and society are the two external causes of schizophrenia and the two external cause of Marie's tragedy. The disharmonious family atmosphere left a deep scar in Marie's heart, which led to Marie's lifelong self splitting. After entering the society, Marie was bound by the collective rules. Marie found it on Mose. At the time of self integration, she was forced to choose between collective norms and personal feelings. Marie chose the former and gave up the opportunity to achieve self integration. At the same time, Marie became the victim of the selfish group she was in. When she was murdered, all the members of the group chose to remain silent because they were harmful. The fear of murder is a shame to the whole community.
In short, the purpose of this thesis is to analyze the process and causes of Marie's schizophrenia through Ronald David Ryan's theory of schizophrenia. First, Marie's schizophrenia (or the "self splitting" in Ryan's theory) is caused by her existence uneasiness. Secondly, Ronald David Ryan believes that the causes of schizophrenia include two aspects of internal and external causes. The internal cause of Marie's schizophrenia is the separation of imagination and reality, and the external cause includes the family in which Marie is located and the society in which she is located.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京第二外國(guó)語學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：I561.074

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前6條

1 唐霞;;近十年國(guó)內(nèi)多麗絲·萊辛研究評(píng)述[J];重慶文理學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2010年06期

2 劉雪嵐;分裂與整合——試論《金色筆記》的主題與結(jié)構(gòu)[J];當(dāng)代外國(guó)文學(xué);1998年02期

3 夏瓊;扭曲的人性,殖民的悲歌——評(píng)多麗絲·萊辛的《野草在歌唱》[J];當(dāng)代外國(guó)文學(xué);2001年01期

4 盧婧;;20世代80年代以來國(guó)內(nèi)多麗絲·萊辛研究述評(píng)[J];當(dāng)代外國(guó)文學(xué);2008年04期

5 王家湘;多麗絲·萊辛[J];外國(guó)文學(xué);1987年05期

6 夏瓊;;多麗絲·萊辛文學(xué)道德觀闡釋[J];外國(guó)文學(xué);2009年03期

，

本文編號(hào)：2148786