【摘要】：被盛譽(yù)為“美國(guó)現(xiàn)代戲劇之父”的尤金·奧尼爾與有著“美國(guó)易卜生”之稱(chēng)的阿瑟·米勒堪稱(chēng)是20世紀(jì)美國(guó)最杰出的兩位戲劇大師。他們的傳世之作《進(jìn)入黑夜的漫長(zhǎng)旅程》與《推銷(xiāo)員之死》通過(guò)兩個(gè)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭的悲劇,揭露了美國(guó)民眾在物欲橫流年代所面臨的普遍性的家庭和社會(huì)問(wèn)題,并指出造成這些問(wèn)題的元兇是當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)社會(huì)橫行的扭曲的價(jià)值觀。自公開(kāi)發(fā)表和演出以來(lái),這兩部杰出的劇作引起了無(wú)數(shù)觀眾讀者的共鳴,并受到了國(guó)內(nèi)外專(zhuān)家學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界已從各方面分別對(duì)這兩部作品進(jìn)行了深入的研討,然而專(zhuān)注于它們之間相似性的比較研究卻很少且較淺顯,因此這方面的研究急待深入進(jìn)行。 本論文通過(guò)對(duì)這兩部偉大戲劇的比較研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其具有許多相似之處,首先,兩部戲劇中的人物呈對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,他們既是悲劇的制造者同時(shí)也是悲劇的受害者；其次,兩部作品中出現(xiàn)的意象也呈現(xiàn)出對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系并具有相同的象征意義,如：瑪麗的婚紗和威利的紅色小轎車(chē)代表著逝去的快樂(lè)時(shí)光,毒品和絲襪都象征著背叛,而兩個(gè)冷酷的人物哈代醫(yī)生和青年老板霍華德則象征無(wú)情的美國(guó)物質(zhì)社會(huì)；最后,這兩部具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的悲劇作品揭示了相同的主題：家庭問(wèn)題及美國(guó)夢(mèng)的破碎。這些相似性說(shuō)明關(guān)注普通人的生活悲劇,揭露普遍存在的家庭和社會(huì)問(wèn)題是奧尼爾和米勒這兩位戲劇大師在對(duì)現(xiàn)代悲劇進(jìn)行探索和實(shí)踐時(shí)的共同選擇。 本文在文本研究和平行研究方法的基礎(chǔ)上,借用女性主義理論和弗洛伊德有關(guān)俄狄浦斯情結(jié)的心理學(xué)理論,旨在從人物性格,象征意象以及共同主題等方面對(duì)這兩部具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的悲劇作品進(jìn)行比較研究,找出其相似之處,以達(dá)到更深入地了解兩位偉大劇作家及其作品的目的,并通過(guò)揭示20世紀(jì)上半葉美國(guó)普通人在物欲膨脹時(shí)期遭遇的精神困境,警示中國(guó)民眾在當(dāng)今經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的情況下一定要樹(shù)立正確的價(jià)值觀,建立和諧的人際關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Eugene O'Neill, as the father of American Modern Drama, and Arthur Hans Muller, who is known as Ibsen of America, are the two most outstanding American dramatists in the 20th century. Through the tragedy of two middle-class families, their works "the long Journey into the Night" and "the death of a Salesman" expose the universal family and social problems facing the American people in the age of materiality. He also pointed out that the culprit of these problems was the distorted values prevailing in American society at that time. Since their public publication and performance, these two outstanding plays have aroused the sympathy of countless audience readers, and received extensive attention of experts and scholars at home and abroad. At present, the domestic and foreign academic circles have carried on the thorough research from each aspect respectively to these two works, but the comparison research which concentrates on their similarity is few and relatively simple, therefore this aspect research urgently needs to carry on deeply. Through the comparative study of the two great plays, this thesis finds that they have many similarities. Firstly, the characters in the two plays have a corresponding relationship. They are not only the creator of the tragedy but also the victim of the tragedy. The images that appear in the two works also have the same symbolic significance: Mary's wedding dress and Willie's red sedan represent the passing of happy times, drugs and stockings both symbolize betrayal. Two cold characters, Dr. Hardy and young boss Howard, symbolize the merciless American material society. Finally, the two tragic works of realistic significance reveal the same theme: family problems and the fragmentation of the American dream. These similarities show that it is the common choice of O'Neill and Hans Muller to pay close attention to the tragedy of ordinary people and to expose the common problems of family and society when O'Neill and Hans Muller are exploring and practicing the modern tragedy. On the basis of textual research and parallel research methods, this paper draws on feminist theory and Freud's psychological theory on Oedipus complex, aiming at the character of characters. In order to get a deeper understanding of the two great dramatists and their works, the symbolic image and the common theme are compared and studied to find out the similarities between the two tragic works of realistic significance. By revealing the spiritual dilemma encountered by ordinary Americans in the first half of the 20th century during the period of material expansion, the author warns that Chinese people must set up correct values and establish harmonious interpersonal relationships under the circumstances of rapid economic development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I712.073

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