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  本文選題：德萊塞　切入點：《美國悲劇》　出處：《中南大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：西奧多·德萊塞的代表作《美國悲劇》講述了主人公克萊德為進入上流社會不擇手段,最終墮落成殺人犯的故事。奧地利犯罪心理學家漢斯·格羅斯認為,由于犯罪行為的主體是犯罪人,研究其精神狀態(tài)和心理活動可以更加深入和全面了解犯罪原因。弗洛伊德的精神分析理論在人格研究方面影響重大。因此本文從犯罪心理學視角,運用弗氏人格結(jié)構(gòu)理論,分析研究克萊德的人格及犯罪行為的個體原因。 弗洛伊德把人格劃分為本我、自我和超我。對心智健全的人,人格的三部分能夠保持動態(tài)平衡：在超我的合理監(jiān)督和指導下,自我協(xié)調(diào)與平衡本我的欲求和沖動,尋求最佳辦法適應環(huán)境。否則,三部分的失常將危及人格的發(fā)展和個體生存。 弗氏指出,犯罪本質(zhì)是由失衡人格引起的心理沖突的表現(xiàn)。本文認為,克萊德犯罪的個人原因來自其人格的缺陷。第一章分析了克萊德強烈的本我。本我不受約束,由本能和欲望沖動所驅(qū)動,追求及時滿足�？巳R德的本我一味追求物質(zhì)和性的享受,常常借助幻想來滿足不能達到的愿望。第二章論述了克萊德軟弱的自我。自我從本我中發(fā)展起來,按照現(xiàn)實原則對本我加以控制。然而克萊德的自我未能有效調(diào)解本我、超我與現(xiàn)實的沖突和斗爭,運用防御機制如壓抑、否認和合理化來掩飾本我的動機,并不斷屈服于本我。第三章探討了克萊德發(fā)展不全的超我。超我是人格結(jié)構(gòu)中最為道德的部分,是內(nèi)在化的父母價值觀念與社會道德。父母、學校教育的失效加上對消極的社會價值標準的認同使克萊德的超我未能形成完善的道德標準,因此發(fā)展不全的超我無法抑制本我的無理要求,最終導致犯罪的發(fā)生�？巳R德的悲劇揭示了建立健康人格的重要性。 通過深入分析克萊德的人格,本文試圖揭示主人公的無意識思維過程,研究人的本能沖動與道德制約之間的矛盾沖突,找出克萊德犯罪行為的根源。本論文最后得出結(jié)論：克萊德?lián)碛袕姶蟮谋疚�、軟弱的自我和發(fā)展不全的超我,其人格發(fā)展的不平衡促使其走上犯罪道路。人格的三部分之間的矛盾運動決定了克萊德的性格并指導他的行為�？巳R德的悲劇告誡人們：一定意義上,只有實現(xiàn)三者的動態(tài)平衡,建立健康的人格,預防犯罪心理的形成,才能有效減弱犯罪的個體原因。
[Abstract]:Theodore Dreiser's masterpiece, the American tragedy, tells the story of Clyde, the protagonist who degenerated into murder by all means in order to enter the upper class. Hans Gross, an Austrian criminal psychologist, believes that. Because the subject of the crime is the criminal, Freud's psychoanalysis theory has a great influence on personality research. Therefore, from the perspective of criminal psychology, this paper applies Freud's personality structure theory to understand the causes of crime. Analysis of Clyde's personality and individual causes of criminal behavior. Freud divided personality into ego, ego and superego. For a sane person, the three parts of the personality can maintain a dynamic balance: under the reasonable supervision and guidance of the superego, the ego coordinates and balances the desires and impulses of the ego. Seek the best way to adapt to the environment. Otherwise, the three-part disorder will endanger the development of personality and individual survival. Fowler pointed out that the nature of crime is the manifestation of psychological conflict caused by unbalanced personality. This paper argues that the personal cause of Clyde's crime comes from his personality defect. Chapter one analyzes Clyde's strong id. Driven by instinct and desire, the pursuit of timely gratification. Clyde's ego pursues material and sexual enjoyment, The second chapter deals with Clyde's weak self. The ego develops from the ego and controls it according to the principle of reality. Yet Clyde's ego fails to reconcile the ego effectively. Conflicts and struggles between superego and reality, using defense mechanisms such as repression, denial and rationalization to cover up the motives of the ego, The third chapter discusses Clyde's underdeveloped superego. Superego is the most moral part of personality structure, it is the internalized parental values and social morality. The failure of school education and the recognition of negative social values have prevented Clyde's superego from forming a perfect moral standard, so the underdeveloped superego cannot restrain the unreasonable demands of the ego. Ultimately, crime occurs. Clyde's tragedy reveals the importance of building a healthy personality. Through an in-depth analysis of Clyde's personality, this paper attempts to reveal the unconscious thinking process of the protagonist and to study the conflict between human instinct and moral constraints. Find out the root of Clyde's criminal behavior. This paper concludes that Clyde has a strong ego, a weak self and an underdeveloped superego. The imbalance of his personality led him to commit crimes. The contradictory movement between the three parts of the personality determined Clyde's character and guided his behavior. Clyde's tragedy warned people: in a certain sense, Only by realizing the dynamic balance, establishing healthy personality and preventing the formation of criminal psychology, can the individual cause of crime be weakened effectively.
【學位授予單位】：中南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.074

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