本文關鍵詞： 田納西·威廉姆斯 《玻璃動物園》 心理分析 焦慮　出處：《鄭州大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：田納西·威廉姆斯是美國二戰(zhàn)后一位杰出的劇作家。他創(chuàng)作了許多非常成功的劇本,包括《玻璃動物園》、《欲望號街車》、《熱鐵皮屋頂上的貓》、《夏天與煙霧》和《夏天的突變》等。威廉姆斯作品里的人物通常處于絕望的困境中：他們孤獨、被遺忘、被誤解、遭人鄙視、貧窮不堪,他們自己沒法擺脫困境也沒人幫助他們。此外,他們中的大多數(shù)都有一個共同特點一焦慮。焦慮在田納西·威廉姆斯的成名作《玻璃動物園》中得到了很好的體現(xiàn)。 《玻璃動物園》是關于不幸的溫弗里德一家人的故事。他們住在圣路易斯的破舊廉租房里,過著悲慘的生活。溫弗里德家的每一個人,不管是單身母親阿曼達,還是她的兩個成年子女勞拉和湯姆,都在嚴重的焦慮中絕望地掙扎 本文通過弗洛伊德的焦慮理論和防御機制理論分析了《玻璃動物園》中的人物所遭受的各種焦慮以使讀者能從他們的心理困境中吸取教訓。 引言部分介紹了劇作家田納西·威廉姆斯、劇本《玻璃動物園》和有關該劇本的文獻綜述,最后引出了本論文的研究問題。 該論文的主體分為四章。第一章是理論框架：西格蒙德·弗洛伊德的人格理論,焦慮理論和防御機制理論。 第二章講述了勞拉、阿曼達和湯姆的各種焦慮。頻繁折磨勞拉的驚恐反應,是神經(jīng)焦慮的一種；阿曼達所遭受的是客觀焦慮一她非常擔心這個家庭的未來,特別是勞拉的未來；湯姆所遭受的是道德焦慮一他因自己拋棄可憐的姐姐而深感愧疚。 第三章著重分析了勞拉、阿曼達和湯姆所遭受的焦慮的起因。勞拉的神經(jīng)焦慮是她長期嚴重的性壓抑的結果,正是勞拉人格中的自我和本我之間的沖突導致了這種性壓抑。阿曼達的客觀焦慮是由阿曼達人格中的自我和現(xiàn)實之間的沖突引起的：阿曼達的自我難以承受殘酷的現(xiàn)實的打擊。湯姆遭受道德焦慮是因為湯姆人格中的自我和超我發(fā)生了嚴重沖突：他的自我受到了超我的懲罰一他因拋棄無助的姐姐而受到自己良心的懲罰。 第四章討論了勞拉、阿曼達和湯姆有意識或無意識地為擺脫焦慮而采取的措施。當自我感到焦慮,自我會發(fā)動防御機制,采取防御措施來應對無法忍受的焦慮。勞拉的自我采取的防御措施是置換(Displacement):勞拉在外面的世界里處處受挫、處處被拒,所以她只好退縮到她的小世界里擺弄她的玻璃飾品和舊唱片。阿曼達的自我采取的措施是固著(Fixation):她慌亂地抓住過去不放,經(jīng)常沉浸在那些虛幻的少女時代的浪漫愛情故事里以逃避令人痛苦的現(xiàn)實。湯姆的自我采取的是脫離(Undoing):他盡一切努力去擺脫關于姐姐的記憶以使自己不再感到愧疚。 最后,本文得出結論：勞拉、阿曼達和湯姆都迷失在各自的焦慮中,他們試圖擺脫焦慮,卻都沒有成功,因為他們沒有認清自己的焦慮的性質(zhì)和起因,因而沒能采取切實有效的辦法擺脫焦慮；他們只是以不同的方式試圖忘掉或逃避痛苦的焦慮,這樣只能使他們暫時免受焦慮折磨,最終無法真正地擺脫焦慮。
[Abstract]:Tennessee Williams is the United States after World War II, a distinguished playwright. He wrote many successful plays, including the < < > glass zoo, a Streetcar Named Desire "," cat on a hot tin roof "," summer and smoke "and" summer >. Mutations in Williams's works are usually in a desperate plight of people in their lonely, forgotten, misunderstood, despised, poor, they can't get rid of the plight of no one to help them. In addition, most of them have a common characteristic of anxiety as "glass zoo > is well reflected in the fame of Tennessee Williams.
< > is a glass zoo winfrid unfortunately one family story. They live in dilapidated low rent housing in Saint Louis, lived a miserable life. Everyone winfrid home, whether it is single mother Amanda, or her two adult children, Lara and Tom, are in desperate need of severe anxiety.
Based on Freud's theory of anxiety and defense mechanism, this paper analyzes all kinds of anxieties suffered by characters in < < glass zoo > > so that readers can learn from their psychological difficulties.
The introduction introduces the playwright Tennessee Williams, the drama glass zoo and the literature review of the play, and finally leads to the research questions in this paper.
The main body of this paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is the theoretical framework: Sigmund Floyd's personality theory, the theory of anxiety and the theory of defense mechanism.
The second chapter tells the story of Lara, Amanda and Tom. All kinds of anxiety panic reaction frequent torture Lara, is a neurotic; Amanda is tortured by objective anxiety she is very worried about the future of the family, especially Lara's future; Tom is tortured by moral anxiety he abandoned because of their poor my sister felt so ashamed.
The third chapter focuses on the analysis of Lara, Amanda and Tom cause of anxiety. Lara suffered nervous anxiety is result of her long-term serious sexual repression, is the conflict between the ego and the ID Lara led to this repression. Amanda's objective anxiety by Amanda is the conflict between ego and reality caused by: Amanda's self to bear the cruel reality of the strike. Tom suffered a moral anxiety because of the occurrence of a serious conflict between Tom ego and superego: his ego is punished by his superego --- he was abandoned helpless sister is punished by his conscience.
The fourth chapter discusses Lara, Amanda and Tom, consciously or unconsciously, in order to get rid of the anxiety and take measures. If I feel anxiety, self will launch a defense mechanism to take defensive measures to cope with the unbearable anxiety. Self defense measures taken Lara's replacement (Displacement): Lara in the outside world everywhere frustrated, everywhere was refused, so she had to retreat to her small world with her glass ornaments and old records. Amanda's self measures is fixed (Fixation): she was holding on to the past, often immersed in the illusion of girlhood romance to escape the painful reality. Tom's self is taken from (Undoing): all his efforts to get rid of the memory in order to make their sister no longer feel guilty.
Finally, this paper draws a conclusion: Lara, Amanda and Tom are lost in their anxiety, they try to get rid of the anxiety, but without success, because they do not recognize the nature and causes of their anxiety, and thus unable to adopt effective measures to get rid of the anxiety; they just in a different way to try to forget or avoid pain the anxiety, this can make them temporarily from anxieties, ultimately unable to really get rid of anxiety.

【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.073

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