盧卡契現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文論及其對中國的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-04-22 09:03
【摘要】：西方馬克思主義奠基者,匈牙利著名哲學(xué)家、美學(xué)家、文學(xué)批評(píng)家——盧卡契之哲學(xué)思想及其所倡導(dǎo)的文學(xué)、美學(xué)、哲學(xué)理論于意識(shí)形態(tài)領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生不可忽視的巨大影響及波瀾。文章于結(jié)合盧卡契生平著述、觀點(diǎn)主張、理念傳播之基礎(chǔ)上,梳理其基本哲學(xué)思想主張及美學(xué)、文學(xué)理論創(chuàng)見。闡明其卓越思想之際,為中國今日仍盛行的盧卡契思想研究熱潮提供內(nèi)容上的佐證及材料研究上的學(xué)理性憑證�！稓v史與階級(jí)意識(shí)》一書中,盧卡契對“總體性”的強(qiáng)調(diào)及對支離破碎的表象之否定,突顯出其以辯證地、聯(lián)系地、全面地分析、看待問題的馬克思主義辯證唯物主義態(tài)度。這為他提出“偉大的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”的創(chuàng)作理論奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。而其對“人道主義”的推崇、反抗物化的執(zhí)著、人的完整性的維護(hù)等開啟了西方馬克思主義研究新理念;此外,《審美特性》等其它理論專著中對于選擇、反映、模仿等范疇的相互關(guān)系的注重,既開闊了模仿理論的適用范圍,又豐富了馬克思主義美學(xué)體系,為意識(shí)反作用于物質(zhì)增添能動(dòng)效力。此外,就盧卡契對馬克思主義唯物辯證法的研究而言,憑借其對《資本論》的掌握及對黑格爾等關(guān)于“異化”問題的理解、推演,公開反抗物化對“人的完整性的侵蝕”,抵制人性的扭曲、關(guān)心人的尊嚴(yán)及價(jià)值。建構(gòu)批判的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義以反抗物化之際,以改良主義的態(tài)度恢復(fù)“完整的人性”。盧卡契其“偉大的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”文論思想的衍發(fā)綜合了內(nèi)、外多方面因素。一方面,既有古希臘美學(xué)思想中“模仿——再現(xiàn)”傳統(tǒng)的影響,又有十九世紀(jì)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文藝思潮的熏染;另一方面,不無其自幼飽讀詩書,成年后又與同時(shí)期思想名家交流,得積極進(jìn)步新思想浸潤的緣故。多種內(nèi)、外因綜合因素作用、影響下,盧卡契提出了客觀地、全面地、具傾向性地真實(shí)反映現(xiàn)實(shí)的理論思想。在同布洛赫、布萊希特等支持并為表現(xiàn)主義進(jìn)行辯護(hù)的理論家們論爭過程中,充實(shí)并完善了其倡導(dǎo)的以“總體性”為核心的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)理論模式。進(jìn)一步提出,文學(xué)需不斷發(fā)展、創(chuàng)新、更具人民性、現(xiàn)實(shí)性、客觀真實(shí)性……盧卡契的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)理論對以社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)實(shí)主義為基本文藝政策的中國產(chǎn)生極大影響。早在二十世紀(jì)三十年代,“左聯(lián)”等現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)思想倡導(dǎo)者們即注重對其以“偉大的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”為核心的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)理論思想的譯介、傳播及其具體、實(shí)際應(yīng)用,于“為人生而藝術(shù)”的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家群體之中產(chǎn)生巨大影響;其對以表現(xiàn)主義為代表的現(xiàn)代主義藝術(shù)的否定,在中國文學(xué)界同樣引發(fā)了“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義與反現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”論爭巨大波瀾,深化了中國學(xué)界對文學(xué)創(chuàng)作方法的辯證性思維與態(tài)度。隨著“思想解放”的八十年代的到來,盧氏的“總體性”、審美特性、反抗物化、人道主義的宣揚(yáng)等對“偉大現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”的堅(jiān)守與推崇的思想,不僅為我國文學(xué)流派轉(zhuǎn)型提供重要參考,更為我國文學(xué)創(chuàng)作及文藝思想提供理論上的指導(dǎo)與學(xué)歷上的準(zhǔn)則,促進(jìn)了馬克思主義文學(xué)、美學(xué)、哲學(xué)等于中國辯證、全面地發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The founder of western Marxism, the famous philosopher of Hungary, the aesthetician, the literary critic, the philosophy of Lukart and the literature, the aesthetics and the philosophy of philosophy that have been advocated in the field of ideology have the great influence and the wave that can't be ignored in the field of ideology. On the basis of the author's life, point of view and the dissemination of the idea, the article combs its basic philosophical ideas and aesthetics, and the literary theory is created. On the occasion of its excellent thought, it is the proof of the research upsurge of the Lukchi thought which still prevailed in China today, and the study of material research. In the book of history and class consciousness, the emphasis of Lukart on the "general" and the negation of the broken image show that it is a dialectical, contact, comprehensive analysis and the view of the dialectical materialism of the problem. This provides a solid foundation for his "great realism" 's creative theory. However, it has opened the new concept of western Marxism research, such as the respect of the "humanitarianism", the persistence of resistance to physical and chemical, the maintenance of human's integrity, etc., and the emphasis on the relationship between choice, reflection, imitation and so on in other theoretical monographs, such as the aesthetic characteristic, etc. It not only broadens the scope of application of the imitation theory, but also enriches the Marxist aesthetic system and adds the active effect of the consciousness to the substance. In addition, with respect to the research of the Marxist materialist dialectics, Lukchi, with its grasp of the "Capital Theory" and the understanding and deduction of Hegel's questions about the "dissimilation", has developed, disclosed the resistance to the physical and chemical to the "erosion of human integrity", resisted the distortion of the human nature, and concerned the human dignity and value. To build a critical realism to resist materialization, the "complete humanity" should be restored in an improved manner. Lukart's great realism "the development of the thought of the literary theory has integrated the internal and external factors. On the one hand, it is not only the traditional influence of the "imitation _ reproduction" in the ancient Greek aesthetics, but also the development of the literature and art in the 19th century; on the other hand, it is not free to read the Book of Songs from the young, but also to communicate with the famous family in the same period, so as to make a positive progress in the infiltration of the new thought. In a variety of internal and external factors, under the influence of the influence of the comprehensive factors, Lukchi put forward the theory thought that objectively, comprehensively and positively reflects the reality. In the course of the debate of the theorists who support and defend the expressionism with the support of Bloch, Brecht, etc., the author has enriched and perfected the theoretical model of the realistic literature, which is the core of the "general". Further, the literature needs to be constantly developed, innovative, more people-oriented, realistic and objective. Luca's realistic literature theory has a great impact on China's basic literary and artistic policies. As early as the 1930 's, the "Left-link" and other realistic literary and ideological advocates pay attention to the translation, dissemination and concrete and practical application of the realistic literary theory thought which is the core of the "great realism", which has a great impact on the "art for life"' s realistic writer group; The negation of the modernism art, represented by the expressionism, has also caused a great wave of "Realism and Realism" in the Chinese literary world, and deepened the dialectical thinking and attitude of the Chinese academic circle on the method of literary creation. With the arrival of the "ideological emancipation" 's 1980' s, the "general" 's "great realism", the aesthetic character, the resistance to the materialization and the promotion of humanitarianism, etc., have not only provided an important reference for the transformation of Chinese literature school, The more Chinese literary creation and the theory of literature and art provide the theoretical guidance and educational background, and promoted the Marxist literature, the aesthetics and the philosophy to be equal to the Chinese dialectical and comprehensive development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I0
本文編號(hào)：2462703
[Abstract]:The founder of western Marxism, the famous philosopher of Hungary, the aesthetician, the literary critic, the philosophy of Lukart and the literature, the aesthetics and the philosophy of philosophy that have been advocated in the field of ideology have the great influence and the wave that can't be ignored in the field of ideology. On the basis of the author's life, point of view and the dissemination of the idea, the article combs its basic philosophical ideas and aesthetics, and the literary theory is created. On the occasion of its excellent thought, it is the proof of the research upsurge of the Lukchi thought which still prevailed in China today, and the study of material research. In the book of history and class consciousness, the emphasis of Lukart on the "general" and the negation of the broken image show that it is a dialectical, contact, comprehensive analysis and the view of the dialectical materialism of the problem. This provides a solid foundation for his "great realism" 's creative theory. However, it has opened the new concept of western Marxism research, such as the respect of the "humanitarianism", the persistence of resistance to physical and chemical, the maintenance of human's integrity, etc., and the emphasis on the relationship between choice, reflection, imitation and so on in other theoretical monographs, such as the aesthetic characteristic, etc. It not only broadens the scope of application of the imitation theory, but also enriches the Marxist aesthetic system and adds the active effect of the consciousness to the substance. In addition, with respect to the research of the Marxist materialist dialectics, Lukchi, with its grasp of the "Capital Theory" and the understanding and deduction of Hegel's questions about the "dissimilation", has developed, disclosed the resistance to the physical and chemical to the "erosion of human integrity", resisted the distortion of the human nature, and concerned the human dignity and value. To build a critical realism to resist materialization, the "complete humanity" should be restored in an improved manner. Lukart's great realism "the development of the thought of the literary theory has integrated the internal and external factors. On the one hand, it is not only the traditional influence of the "imitation _ reproduction" in the ancient Greek aesthetics, but also the development of the literature and art in the 19th century; on the other hand, it is not free to read the Book of Songs from the young, but also to communicate with the famous family in the same period, so as to make a positive progress in the infiltration of the new thought. In a variety of internal and external factors, under the influence of the influence of the comprehensive factors, Lukchi put forward the theory thought that objectively, comprehensively and positively reflects the reality. In the course of the debate of the theorists who support and defend the expressionism with the support of Bloch, Brecht, etc., the author has enriched and perfected the theoretical model of the realistic literature, which is the core of the "general". Further, the literature needs to be constantly developed, innovative, more people-oriented, realistic and objective. Luca's realistic literature theory has a great impact on China's basic literary and artistic policies. As early as the 1930 's, the "Left-link" and other realistic literary and ideological advocates pay attention to the translation, dissemination and concrete and practical application of the realistic literary theory thought which is the core of the "great realism", which has a great impact on the "art for life"' s realistic writer group; The negation of the modernism art, represented by the expressionism, has also caused a great wave of "Realism and Realism" in the Chinese literary world, and deepened the dialectical thinking and attitude of the Chinese academic circle on the method of literary creation. With the arrival of the "ideological emancipation" 's 1980' s, the "general" 's "great realism", the aesthetic character, the resistance to the materialization and the promotion of humanitarianism, etc., have not only provided an important reference for the transformation of Chinese literature school, The more Chinese literary creation and the theory of literature and art provide the theoretical guidance and educational background, and promoted the Marxist literature, the aesthetics and the philosophy to be equal to the Chinese dialectical and comprehensive development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I0
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