【摘要】：典型理論是經(jīng)典馬克思主義文藝?yán)碚摰闹匾懂?曾經(jīng)被視為文學(xué)理論的核心問(wèn)題。我國(guó)學(xué)者曾就典型的內(nèi)涵、典型的共性與個(gè)性、典型環(huán)境與典型人物等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行過(guò)多次大討論。然而,隨著時(shí)代的變化,典型理論在新時(shí)期以來(lái)逐漸失去往日的光輝,走向了邊緣化。關(guān)于典型理論邊緣化的問(wèn)題,鮮有學(xué)者進(jìn)行深入全面的研究。本文先以歷史研究的方式,結(jié)合我國(guó)不同時(shí)期的社會(huì)文化語(yǔ)境,客觀地探究典型理論在我國(guó)由中心走向邊緣的歷史過(guò)程,繼而較為全面地對(duì)典型理論邊緣化的原因進(jìn)行分析與反思,從而就這個(gè)復(fù)雜的理論問(wèn)題提出一些新的看法。本文除緒論部分外,由三章構(gòu)成:第一章:典型理論的西方源起及中國(guó)的早期接受。本章首先探尋了典型理論在西方的源起和發(fā)展,對(duì)亞里士多德的早期學(xué)說(shuō)、中世紀(jì)的類(lèi)型說(shuō)、黑格爾關(guān)于人物性格的論述及馬克思、恩格斯的典型觀進(jìn)行一番考察;在此基礎(chǔ)上,探究了在蘇聯(lián)影響下,典型理論在中國(guó)的早期接受情況,從而為下文進(jìn)一步研究典型理論邊緣化的問(wèn)題奠定基礎(chǔ)。第二章:典型理論在中國(guó):由中心到邊緣。20世紀(jì)50、60年代,學(xué)者們積極倡導(dǎo)典型理論,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了科學(xué)化、體系化的建設(shè),典型理論的中心地位得到確立;隨著社會(huì)大環(huán)境的變化,典型理論在20世紀(jì)80年代中后期開(kāi)始遭受冷遇;進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)后,已少有學(xué)者再提及該理論。筆者從文學(xué)理論教材及理論工作者的新觀點(diǎn)出發(fā),對(duì)典型理論由盛而衰的邊緣化問(wèn)題確立了研究的維度。第三章:典型理論邊緣化的原因與反思。一是外在原因,由于時(shí)代環(huán)境的巨變,意識(shí)形態(tài)寬松、多元文化建構(gòu)、歐美文學(xué)思潮涌入、人們思想發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變等,無(wú)不沖擊著典型理論;二是內(nèi)在原因,典型理論自身是非完滿(mǎn)的,具有政治化、封閉性、類(lèi)型化、階級(jí)化、哲學(xué)化的傾向,學(xué)者在使用該理論進(jìn)行文學(xué)批評(píng)時(shí),易忽略文學(xué)形象本身的思想性、審美性和藝術(shù)性;三是在創(chuàng)作實(shí)踐上,典型理論遭遇了困境與挑戰(zhàn)。在文學(xué)創(chuàng)作多元化的當(dāng)下,典型理論明顯缺乏普適性,追求客觀本質(zhì)的典型觀難以展現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代生活的碎片化、快節(jié)奏,無(wú)法充分揭示人們內(nèi)心的壓抑感和荒誕感,因此作家在創(chuàng)作時(shí),往往不再視典型理論為指導(dǎo)了。
[Abstract]:Typical theory is an important category of classical Marxist literary theory, once regarded as the core of literary theory. Chinese scholars have discussed the typical connotation, the typical commonness and individuality, the typical environment and the typical personage many times. However, with the change of the times, the typical theory has gradually lost its former brilliance in the new period. On the issue of the marginalization of typical theories, few scholars have carried out in-depth and comprehensive research. This paper, in the way of historical research, combines the social and cultural context of different periods of our country, and explores objectively the historical process of the typical theory moving from center to edge in our country. Then it makes a comprehensive analysis and reflection on the reason of the marginalization of typical theory, and puts forward some new views on this complicated theoretical problem. In addition to the introduction, this paper consists of three chapters: chapter one: the origin of typical theory and the early acceptance of China. This chapter first explores the origin and development of the typical theory in the West, and examines Aristotle's early theory, the medieval theory of types, Hegel's exposition on the character of characters and Marx's and Engels' typical view. On this basis, it explores the early acceptance of the typical theory in China under the influence of the Soviet Union, thus laying a foundation for the further study of the marginalization of the typical theory. The second chapter: the typical theory in China: from center to edge. In the 1950s and 1960s, the scholars actively advocated the typical theory, and carried on the scientific, systematic construction, the typical theory center position has been established; With the change of the social environment, the typical theory began to suffer a cold reception in the middle and late 1980s. After entering the 21st century, few scholars have mentioned the theory again. Based on the teaching materials of literary theory and the new viewpoints of the theorists, the author establishes the dimension of the research on the marginalization of the typical theory from prosperity to decline. Chapter three: the reason and reflection of the marginalization of typical theory. First, external reasons, due to the great changes in the environment of the times, the loose ideology, the multicultural construction, the influx of European and American literary thoughts and the changes in people's thoughts, all of which are impacting on the typical theory, and the second is the internal reasons. The typical theory itself is not perfect and has the tendency of politicization, closure, typology, classization and philosophy. When scholars use the theory to criticize literature, they tend to ignore the ideological, aesthetic and artistic nature of the literary image itself. Third, in the creative practice, the typical theory encountered difficulties and challenges. At the present time when literary creation is diversified, the typical theory obviously lacks universality, and the typical view of pursuing objective essence is difficult to show the fragmentation and rapid rhythm of modern life, and can not fully reveal the oppression and absurdity of people's heart. Therefore, writers in the creation, often no longer regard the typical theory as a guide.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I0

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