本文選題：《狼圖騰》 + 《白牙》��； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 隨著人類文明的不斷進步以及人口的迅速膨脹,自然環(huán)境的壓力越來越大。尤其是工業(yè)革命以來,人類為了追求財富,為了滿足私欲,不斷地征服自然,改造自然,瘋狂地向自然索取。姜戎和杰克·倫敦都意識到了人類應(yīng)該對自然負責(zé),他們的作品都體現(xiàn)了對文明以及人與自然關(guān)系的思考。本文將比較兩人的作品《狼圖騰》和《白牙》,分析作品生態(tài)思想的異同及其成因。全文分為引言,四個章節(jié)和結(jié)論。 引言：簡要介紹姜戎的《狼圖騰》以及杰克·倫敦的《白牙》；概述比較文學(xué)理論及生態(tài)批評理論；總結(jié)國內(nèi)外研究兩部作品的現(xiàn)狀,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出自己的創(chuàng)新點。 第一章：背景知識,概述姜戎和杰克·倫敦的生活經(jīng)歷和社會背景對其創(chuàng)作的影響。兩位作家都到過荒涼偏僻的邊疆地區(qū)。在這些地區(qū),他們接觸了狼,并且有著極深的愛狼情結(jié)。兩個人都生活在革命時代并受到了革命的影響。姜戎響應(yīng)文化大革命上山下鄉(xiāng)的號召,從大城市來到草原,杰克·倫敦則厭倦工業(yè)革命后的生活,跟隨淘金大軍來到了克朗代克。 第二章：自然書寫,《狼圖騰》和《白牙》中有大量關(guān)于自然的描寫,關(guān)注自然是生態(tài)文學(xué)的特征。兩部作品都刻畫了荒原惡劣的生存環(huán)境,講明了生存對于每種生物都不容易的事實,揭示了人與動物相互殺害又相互依存的哲理。兩部作品都書寫了生機勃勃的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),狼的重要性以及生態(tài)破壞的危險性。 第三章：人與自然,人與自然的關(guān)系包括人類中心主義和生物中心主義。人類中心主義在《狼圖騰》中體現(xiàn)在對草原的開墾和對動物的殘殺,在《白牙》中體現(xiàn)在對白牙的虐待。與人類中心主義相對的生物中心主義則體現(xiàn)在相反的一面。杰克·倫敦和姜戎的作品反映了生態(tài)發(fā)展的不同時期。杰克·倫敦提倡保護動物權(quán)利,這是生態(tài)初級階段。姜戎號召保護整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng),這是生態(tài)的成熟階段。 第四章：文明與荒野,《狼圖騰》和《白牙》對文明的批判主要體現(xiàn)在對人類欲望和科技的批判,人類無限的欲求導(dǎo)致了自然資源的破壞和枯竭,科技的不當使用則加速了這一進程。草原人沒有那么多的欲望和高科技,其民族傳統(tǒng)思想蘊含著深刻的生態(tài)哲理。 結(jié)論：總結(jié)全文,再次指出《狼圖騰》和《白牙》的生態(tài)思想的異同,以及姜戎和杰克·倫敦生態(tài)意識的異同。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of human civilization and the rapid expansion of the population , the pressure of the natural environment becomes more and more great . Especially since the industrial revolution , in order to satisfy the desires , to conquer nature , to reform the nature and to change the nature and to the nature . Jiang Rong and Jack London realized that the human beings should be responsible for the nature . Both Jiang Rong and Jack London realized that the human beings should be responsible for the nature , their works reflect the similarities and differences of the ecological thoughts of the works and their causes . The whole text is divided into three parts , namely , introduction , four chapters and conclusions .



Introduction : A brief introduction of Jiang Rong ' s Wolf Totem and Jack London ' s tooth whitening teeth ;
The theory of comparative literature and the theory of ecological criticism are summarized .
This paper summarizes the present situation of two works at home and abroad , and puts forward its own innovation points on this basis .



Chapter One : Background knowledge , outlining the impact of the life experience and social background of Jiang Rong and Jack London on his creation . Both writers have come to the remote frontier . In these areas , they are in contact with wolves and have a profound love of wolves . Both people live in the revolutionary era and have been affected by the revolution . Jiang Rong came to the prairie from the big cities in response to the call of the cultural revolution , and Jack London was tired of the life after the industrial revolution , following the gold rush to Klondike .



Chapter 2 : The natural description of nature and the nature of nature are the characteristics of the ecological literature . Both works depict the harsh living environment of the wilderness , and reveal the fact that the existence is not easy for each organism , and reveals the mutual killing and interdependence of human beings and animals . Both works have written a vibrant ecosystem , the importance of wolves , and the danger of ecological destruction .



Chapter 3 : The relationship between human beings and nature , human and nature includes human centralism and biological centralism . Human centralism manifests itself in the exploitation of the grassland and the killing of animals , which is reflected in the opposite side . Jack London and Jiang Rong ' s works reflect the different periods of ecological development .



The fourth chapter : The criticism of civilization and wilderness , the Wolf Totem teng - teng and the ancient white teeth civilization is mainly embodied in the criticism of human desires and science and technology , the infinite desire of mankind leads to the destruction and depletion of natural resources , and the improper use of science and technology has accelerated the process . The prairie man has not so much desire and high technology , its national traditional thought contains profound ecological philosophy .



Conclusion : In this paper , the author points out the similarities and differences between the ecological thoughts of Wolf Totem and the White Hague , and the similarities and differences between Jiang Rong and Jack London ' s ecological consciousness .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：I0-03;I106.4

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條

1 王雁飛;;杰克·倫敦動物小說的生態(tài)批評解讀——以《野性的呼喚》、《雪虎》為例[J];河北經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)學(xué)報(綜合版);2009年02期

2 任聯(lián)齊;;生態(tài)理論視野下的狼性思考——從《狼圖騰》說開去[J];河南機電高等�？茖W(xué)校學(xué)報;2006年02期

3 王諾;;生態(tài)批評的思想文化批判[J];南京師范大學(xué)文學(xué)院學(xué)報;2008年04期

4 汪樹東;;論《狼圖騰》的生態(tài)意識[J];前沿;2009年05期

5 趙薇;生態(tài)批評視野里的《狼圖騰》[J];江漢大學(xué)學(xué)報(人文科學(xué)版);2005年03期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 張露;對杰克·倫敦兩部動物小說的生態(tài)批評解讀[D];武漢理工大學(xué);2007年

2 劉寧寧;《野性的呼喚》與《狼圖騰》之比較研究[D];河南大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號：2031594