本文選題：巴什拉 + 物質(zhì)　； 參考：《西藏民族大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：本論文從物質(zhì)、想象、存在三個支點出發(fā),試圖挖掘法國哲學(xué)家巴什拉物質(zhì)想象詩學(xué)理論中關(guān)于人之“詩意存在”的內(nèi)涵,為現(xiàn)代性的審美救贖提供重要啟示。本論文主要分為四個部分：物質(zhì)、想象及存在的現(xiàn)代性演化；存在與“物質(zhì)元素想象”之詩學(xué)；存在與“現(xiàn)象學(xué)想象”①之詩學(xué)；巴什拉之審美救贖。第一部分：物質(zhì)、想象及存在的現(xiàn)代性演化。在這部分主要突出現(xiàn)代性背景下人之存在與物質(zhì)、與想象之間的矛盾。巴什拉作為一個一直關(guān)注人之存在的哲學(xué)家,對現(xiàn)代性某些不合理之處如物質(zhì)過度膨脹,想象被貶幽暗之隅的現(xiàn)象表現(xiàn)出深切的擔憂。他認為笛卡爾的理性主義是有缺失的,這種理性主義終會順其自然的滑向極端理性主義。事實上,這種趨勢已經(jīng)初露端倪。理性主義的極端發(fā)展必然導(dǎo)致物質(zhì)為王,而代表人之精神的想象則被無情驅(qū)趕,呈現(xiàn)出不平衡的發(fā)展狀況。這種狀況導(dǎo)致的直接后果便是物質(zhì)充斥在精神層面,人之精神想象無處立足,進而導(dǎo)致人之精神的虛無,異化。巴什拉物質(zhì)想象的詩學(xué)理論即在這種現(xiàn)代性的矛盾中誕生,旨在修正現(xiàn)代性這種物質(zhì)與想象的不平衡發(fā)展之路,進而緩解現(xiàn)代人之精神想象的荒蕪。第二部分：存在與“物質(zhì)元素想象”之詩學(xué)。這一部分探究巴什拉“物質(zhì)元素想象”部分的詩學(xué)理論。巴什拉選取大量文學(xué)詩歌中的形象作為研究對象,將其按照火、水、氣、土四種物質(zhì)元素的屬性劃分為不同類型,進而加以研究人之想象。在《火的精神分析》中,巴什拉指出人之想象的價值,想象并不是一無是處,它對于提高人之精神的活力具有物質(zhì)所達不到的功效；在《水與夢》中,巴什拉著重探討想象之本質(zhì),即想象的物質(zhì)性的內(nèi)核。物質(zhì)與想象并不是毫無關(guān)系的,物質(zhì)規(guī)定培育著想象,物質(zhì)是想象的基礎(chǔ)與本質(zhì),想象在人的參與下發(fā)揮著積極的反作用；在《空氣與遐想》中,巴什拉更進一步探討想象的上升運動。這種運動正如巴什拉所說：“你是一切巔峰的深度!”,通過這種運動,巴什拉告訴我們,想象具有無限創(chuàng)造的能力,超越現(xiàn)實的能力；《土地與意志》旨在研究對物質(zhì)發(fā)揮作用的能動性的想象力。這種想象力需要人對物質(zhì)的相應(yīng)的意志與時間,這是巴什拉討論的重點；在《土地與靜息》中,研究土的深層作為容納表現(xiàn)出來的詩意想象,即土的外部與內(nèi)部表現(xiàn)出不同的想象,我們的精神想象不能受表面的迷惑,而忽略對物質(zhì)內(nèi)在精神的探究。第三部分：存在與“現(xiàn)象學(xué)想象”之詩學(xué)。在這部分,重點關(guān)注巴什拉現(xiàn)象學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)向之后,關(guān)于“現(xiàn)象學(xué)想象”詩學(xué)中人之想象的研究。這是想象“現(xiàn)象學(xué)”的研究,是對想象這一精神活動的本體論的研究。巴什拉大致上用了三部著作來研究本體存在的想象,整體上遵循“想象”之前、“想象”之中、“想象”之后這一邏輯順序�！犊臻g的詩學(xué)》是關(guān)于“想象”之前的研究。他用現(xiàn)象學(xué)的純粹意向性向我們表明他“向詩學(xué)語言的現(xiàn)實性靠近”的目的�！秹粝氲脑妼W(xué)》是關(guān)于“想象”之中的研究。巴什拉區(qū)分夜夢與夢想,集中精力論述后者具有特殊和豐富的可能性�！霸娦孕蜗蟮默F(xiàn)象學(xué)要求讀者積極的參與到正在產(chǎn)生的形象中來,這與現(xiàn)象的被動性,經(jīng)驗性的記述劃清了界限,詩是存在的激揚,正處于激揚中的人不違背自己�！雹�；《燭之火》是“想象”之后的研究。巴什拉給我們講述一個孤老的遐想者形象,在凝視孤獨燭火時,會產(chǎn)生怎樣的全新的想象的故事。巴什拉認為：一個富于想象的存在樂于遐想,并且生氣勃勃的去遐想。這樣的存在掌握著真理,掌握著人類的前途。第四部分：巴什拉之審美救贖。巴什拉物質(zhì)想象詩學(xué)中關(guān)于存在方面的內(nèi)涵表現(xiàn)為：首先,它是為人做出定義的一種哲學(xué)。其次,它啟迪著對文明的新認識、新思考。這種文明之新思考包括物質(zhì)與精神的新認識、理性與感性的新認識、物質(zhì)與想象的新認識。再次,它體現(xiàn)為一種“尋根”意識。另外,從外部來看,巴什拉的理論具有非常廣泛的影響和價值。他的物質(zhì)想象詩學(xué)理論緊跟時代步伐,在現(xiàn)代性人之存在、審美救贖方面的論述曾啟發(fā)了布萊、�？�、阿爾都塞、德勒茲等理論家。
[Abstract]:This thesis, starting with three fulcrum of material, imagination and existence, tries to excavate the connotation of the poetic existence of man in the theory of material imagination in French philosopher Basra, which provides important enlightenment for the aesthetic salvation of modernity. This thesis is divided into four parts: material, imagination and existence of modernity; existence and "material" The Poetics of element imagination; the Poetics of existence and "phenomenological imagination"; the aesthetic redemption of the first part: the evolution of modernity in material, imagination and existence. In this part, the contradiction between human existence and substance and imagination under the background of modernity is a philosopher who has always been concerned with the existence of human beings. There is a deep concern about some irrational parts of modernity, such as excessive expansion of material, and the phenomenon of being derogatory and dark. He thinks that Descartes's rationalism is missing, and this rationalism will slide into the extreme rationalism. In fact, the trend has begun to emerge. The extreme development of rationalism is necessary. However, material is king, and the imagination of the spirit of the representative is driven out by unbalance. The direct consequence of this situation is that the material is full of the spiritual level, the spiritual imagination of the man is not foothold, and then leads to the nihilism of the human spirit and alienation. The poetic theory of Basra's material imagination is in this modern era. The birth of the contradiction in sex is designed to amend the unbalanced development of modernity, the material and imagination, and to alleviate the desolation of the spiritual imagination of modern people. The second part: the Poetics of existence and the "imagination of material elements". This part explores the Poetics of Basra's "imagination of material elements". Basra chooses a large number of literary poems. In the spirit analysis of fire, Basra points out the value of human imagination in the spirit analysis of fire. In the spirit analysis of fire, Basra is not useless. It has no material effect to improve the vitality of human spirit. In the "water and dream", she focuses on the essence of imagination, that is, the physical core of imagination. Matter and imagination are not irrelevant, material regulations cultivate imagination, matter is the foundation and essence of imagination, imagination plays a positive reaction under human participation; in the air and imagination, the bath is further explored. Like the ascending movement of the elephant, as Basra said, "you are the depth of all the peak!" through this movement, Basra tells us to imagine the ability to create infinite, beyond the ability of reality; land and will is designed to study the dynamic imaginative imagination that plays a role in matter. The corresponding will and time, this is the focus of Basra's discussion; in "land and rest", the study of the deep layer of the soil as a manifestation of poetic imagination, that is, the external and internal performance of the earth is different imagination, our mental imagination can not be confused by the surface, but briefly on the inner spirit of material exploration. The third part: existence In this part, in this part, we focus on the study of human imagination in the "phenomenological imagination" after Basra's phenomenological turn. This is the study of "phenomenology", a study of the ontology of the imagination of this spiritual activity. Basra has used three books to study the existence of the ontology. Imagine, on the whole, following the logical sequence of "imagination", "imagination", "imagination". < space's poetics > is a study before "imagination". He uses the pure intentionality of phenomenology to show us that he is "approaching the reality of poetic language". Research. It distinguishes between the night dream and the dream, concentrating on the special and rich possibility of the latter. "The phenomenology of poetic image requires the reader to actively participate in the emerging image, which draws the boundary between the passivity of the phenomenon, the experiential narrative, the poem is the rise of the existence, and the people who are in the rise are not violating themselves." "Self." (1); < candle fire > is the study of "imagination". Grasp the future of human. The fourth part: Basra's aesthetic redemption. In Basra's material imagination poetics, the connotation of existence is manifested as: first, it is a philosophy for human definition. Secondly, it enlightens the new understanding of civilization and new thinking. The new thinking of this civilization includes the new understanding of material and spirit, rationality and A new perception of sensibility, a new understanding of material and imagination. Again, it is a kind of "root seeking" consciousness. In addition, from the outside, the theory of bash has a very wide range of influence and value. His material imagination poetics theory follows the pace of the times, and the discussion of the existence of modernity and aesthetic redemption has inspired Brune, Foucault, and ah. Althusser, Deleuze and other theorists.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西藏民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：I01

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