本文選題：文化語境 + 《紅樓夢》詩詞��； 參考：《湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：《紅樓夢》詩詞包含著豐富的中國文化內(nèi)涵,以其多樣化的形式及其在小說中的獨特作用深受學(xué)者青睞。不少學(xué)者已分別從美學(xué)、語言學(xué)、生態(tài)學(xué)、文化學(xué)和韻律等方面對其進(jìn)行過研究,但是很少有人從文化語境的角度對其進(jìn)行研究。然而文化語境對于譯本的不同語言表現(xiàn)具有很大影響。從文化語境角度可以較好地揭示不同譯本的差異。在研究譯本差異的基礎(chǔ)上找到不同譯本所反映的文化語境因素,探討譯者在受到文化語境影響時,該采取何種措施才能更好地處理中西方文化差異,對于中國文化走出去有著重要的啟示。文化語境作為一種重要的翻譯要素,在很大程度上影響著譯者對于原語文本文化的翻譯。無論是原文的特定文化語境,還是相關(guān)的外在社會環(huán)境,都可能對譯者的翻譯過程產(chǎn)生重要作用。本文以《紅樓夢》中三十八首具文化代表性的詩詞翻譯為例,從譯本差異的分析出發(fā),挖掘探討譯本差異背后的文化語境因素,并通過數(shù)據(jù)對比的形式分析出兩譯本各自的主要翻譯策略及其原因,提出在翻譯這種跨文化傳播中,譯者既應(yīng)關(guān)注兩種語言文化的客觀差異,又應(yīng)照顧好目的語讀者對異域文化的接受能力。依據(jù)《紅樓夢》詩詞所體現(xiàn)出來的文化要素,文中的文化語境概念選用彭利元對于文化語境的定義。結(jié)合包惠南《文化語境與翻譯》和胡興文對于文化語境的分類,把文化語境分為歷史文化語境、地域文化語境、宗教文化語境和習(xí)俗文化語境四大類。采用總、分、總的論述形式,從歷史、地理、宗教和習(xí)俗四個方面,對《紅樓夢》中三十八首詩詞文化因素的翻譯進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析探討,主要關(guān)注文化語境如何影響兩個譯本對原文詩詞中同一文化詞語的表達(dá)。通過對這兩個譯本三十八首詩詞翻譯的分析、比較及總體數(shù)據(jù)分析得出,楊憲益夫婦的詩詞譯本在選詞方面傾向于原語文化,譯本的表達(dá)稍顯直白和生硬,在中國讀者看來貼近原著,更能反映中國文化特色;而霍克斯的譯本則更多考慮到的是貼近譯入語文化與譯入語文化的讀者,對原文本中的一些文化詞語采用歸化的策略或者回避不譯的方式,使得行文更具流暢性,更能滿足西方讀者的需要。歷史與政治因素、翻譯的目的、以及譯語讀者對異域文化的接受能力,是影響翻譯策略選擇的重要原因。在中華典籍對外傳播的過程中,應(yīng)高度重視兩種語言文化存在的客觀差異和目的語讀者的異域文化接受能力,適當(dāng)根據(jù)目的語讀者異域文化接受能力的變化來調(diào)整翻譯策略,促進(jìn)源語文化的對外傳播。當(dāng)目的語讀者缺乏任何原語文化的基礎(chǔ),譯者則應(yīng)當(dāng)以目的語文化為主要導(dǎo)向,以一種簡單、易讀、易懂的歸化譯法傳達(dá)原文信息,盡可能減少文化沖突。當(dāng)目的語讀者已經(jīng)具備一定的原語文化基礎(chǔ)知識,能夠欣賞一定的原語文化詩詞,譯者則應(yīng)當(dāng)酌情逐漸加大譯文的異化程度,逐步增加一些原語文化的信息到譯本中,并在量變的原則下循序漸進(jìn)。當(dāng)目的語的大部分讀者已經(jīng)有了比較豐富的原語文化知識基礎(chǔ)時,譯者則應(yīng)采取異化的翻譯策略,盡可能地將原語文化的知識傳遞到目的語世界。文化的對外傳播,遵循的是從失敗的異化,到初期的歸化,再到歸化-異化過渡期,再到成功異化的不斷遞進(jìn)的翻譯過程。遵循這種循序漸進(jìn)的文化傳播過程,不僅能適應(yīng)目的語讀者對異域文化的接受能力,也能逐步實現(xiàn)將源語文化對外推廣。因此,譯者作為原文本在譯入語文化的發(fā)言人,必須遵循循序漸進(jìn)的文化傳播過程,準(zhǔn)確把握原語文化語境與譯入語文化語境之間的差異,充分照顧譯入語讀者對異域文化的接受能力,根據(jù)文化差異實際,用目的語恰到好處地傳達(dá)原文本中的文化意象與文化內(nèi)涵。唯有這樣,譯者才能真正做好中西方跨文化交際的使者。
[Abstract]:The poetry of a dream of Red Mansions contains rich Chinese cultural connotation, which has been favored by scholars in its diversified forms and its unique role in the novel. Many scholars have studied it from the aspects of aesthetics, linguistics, ecology, culture and rhythm, but few have studied it from the perspective of cultural context. Cultural context has a great influence on the different language performance of the translation. From the perspective of cultural context, the differences in the different versions can be revealed. On the basis of the study of the differences in translation, the cultural contextual factors reflected in the different versions are found and what measures should be taken to deal with the translator better in the context of cultural context. Cultural differences in the West have an important inspiration for Chinese culture to go out. As an important element of translation, cultural context, to a great extent, affects the translator's translation of the text culture of the original language. It is likely to have an important role in the translation process of the translator, whether it is the specific cultural context of the original text or the relevant external social environment. On the basis of the analysis of the differences in the translation, this paper explores the cultural contextual factors behind the differences in the translation, and analyzes the main translation strategies and the causes of the two versions of the translation from the analysis of the differences in the translation, and puts forward the translators in the translators' cross-cultural communication. We should not only pay attention to the objective differences between the two languages and cultures, but also take care of the receptive ability of the target language readers to the foreign culture. According to the cultural elements embodied in the poem of the dream of Red Mansions, the concept of cultural context in the text is defined by Peng Li Yuan's cultural context. Bao Huinan's context and translation and Hu Xingwen's cultural context are combined with the cultural context. The cultural context is divided into four categories: historical and cultural context, regional cultural context, religious cultural context and custom and culture context. The translation of cultural factors of the thirty-eight poems in the Red Mansion Dream is analyzed and discussed in detail from four aspects: history, geography, religion and custom, and the cultural language is mainly concerned. How does the situation affect the expression of the same cultural words in the two versions of the original poetry. Through the analysis of the translation of the thirty-eight poems of the two versions, comparison and overall analysis, it is concluded that the poems of Yang Xianyi and his wife are inclined to the culture of the original language in the selection of words. It is more capable of reflecting Chinese cultural characteristics, while Hawkes's translation is more considered by the readers who are close to the culture of the translation and the culture of the translation. Some cultural expressions in the original text are used domesticating or avoiding the non translation, which makes the lines more fluent and meet the needs of western readers. Historical and political factors are more effective. The purpose of translation and the ability of the readers to accept the foreign culture are the important reasons for the choice of the translation strategies. In the process of spreading the Chinese classics, we should attach great importance to the objective differences in the existence of the two languages and cultures and the ability to accept the foreign culture of the target language readers, and appropriately according to the ability to accept the foreign culture of the target language readers. When the target language reader lacks any basis of the culture of the primitives, the translator should take the target language culture as the main guide, communicate the original information with a simple, readable and understandable translation method, and reduce the cultural conflict as much as possible. The cultural basic knowledge of the language can appreciate the cultural poetry of the original language. The translator should gradually increase the degree of alienation of the translation, gradually increase the information of the culture of some primitives into the translation and step by step under the principle of quantitative change. When most readers of the target language have already had a rich base of the cultural knowledge of the original language, the translators are the translators. The Foreignization of the culture of the original language should be transferred to the world of target language as much as possible. The foreign communication of culture follows the process of translation from the alienation of failure to the early domestication, to the transition period of domestication to alienation, and to the continuous progressive process of alienation of success. The ability to adapt to the target language readers' acceptance of foreign culture can also gradually realize the promotion of the source language culture. Therefore, as a spokesman for the original text, the translator must follow the gradual and progressive cultural communication process, accurately grasp the differences between the cultural context of the original language and the cultural context of the target language, and take full care of the translation language. The reader's acceptance of the foreign culture, according to the actual cultural differences, conveys the cultural images and cultural connotations in the original text with the target language properly. Only in this way, the translator can truly do a good job of the Chinese and Western intercultural communication envoy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：H315.9;I046

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