本文選題：敘事　切入點(diǎn)：中國(guó)　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 20世紀(jì)至今的知識(shí)界,各種“轉(zhuǎn)向”足以讓每一位置身其中的人眼花繚亂。當(dāng)今,“敘事轉(zhuǎn)向”在很大程度上也為人所注意。在這種氛圍下,“敘事”毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地成了當(dāng)今文學(xué)研究、文化研究乃至整個(gè)人文社會(huì)科學(xué)的關(guān)鍵詞。 何謂“敘事”,對(duì)這個(gè)概念的理解直接關(guān)系到敘事理論的性質(zhì),人們基于不同的批評(píng)立場(chǎng)曾賦予“敘事”不同的含義。基于此種考慮,本文從“敘事”的詞源意義入手,結(jié)合歷史文化語(yǔ)境,探尋“敘事”與“narrative”的中西差異;結(jié)合當(dāng)代敘事理論,對(duì)西方各主要敘事派別的“敘事”認(rèn)識(shí)加以辨析和概述;簡(jiǎn)述經(jīng)典敘事學(xué)的興起及其在中國(guó)的接受,著重從中國(guó)當(dāng)代文學(xué)批評(píng)實(shí)踐的角度透視其在中國(guó)運(yùn)用過(guò)程中的變異,并從中歸納出國(guó)人對(duì)敘事的認(rèn)識(shí)。 本文認(rèn)為,“narrative”作為“敘述故事”的主導(dǎo)意義在長(zhǎng)期的歷史沿革中沒(méi)有多大變化,但其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域卻發(fā)生了很大的變化。在中國(guó),“敘事”最初并非是作為一個(gè)合成詞出現(xiàn)的,它的意義具有更多的廣延性。從歷史文化語(yǔ)境看,中國(guó)與西方的“敘事”差異主要表現(xiàn)在:首先,中西在敘事文學(xué)形成初期即出現(xiàn)的精英敘事與大眾敘事的分野,使中西敘事對(duì)敘事接受者提出了不同的要求:西方重交流,中國(guó)則重體悟。其次,西方敘事在時(shí)空上更側(cè)重時(shí)間安排,中國(guó)則相對(duì)更重視空間的多層次性。西方在時(shí)空表現(xiàn)上經(jīng)常呈現(xiàn)一種發(fā)散性思維,而中國(guó)則往往表現(xiàn)出一種圓形思維,處處體現(xiàn)著“無(wú)往不復(fù)”的理念。再次,西方傳統(tǒng)敘事模式多為情節(jié)集中的單線(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu),而中國(guó)的敘事作品則多線(xiàn)索紛繁,因此對(duì)順序、頭緒格外重視。同時(shí),中國(guó)還常對(duì)“順序”賦予哲學(xué)、倫理學(xué)意義。 當(dāng)代,各敘事派別對(duì)“敘事”都有不同的認(rèn)識(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)主義敘事學(xué)認(rèn)為“敘事”在最一般的意義上是指“用語(yǔ)言尤其是書(shū)面語(yǔ)言表現(xiàn)一件或一系列真實(shí)或虛構(gòu)的事件”。女性主義敘事學(xué)認(rèn)為“敘事”載負(fù)著社會(huì)關(guān)系,敘述聲音和被敘述的外部世界是互相溝通的關(guān)系。意識(shí)形態(tài)敘事學(xué)將“敘事”定義為“一種社會(huì)象征行為”,從而將敘事理論從結(jié)構(gòu)層面引向歷史闡釋,具有鮮明的政治參與意識(shí)。修辭性敘事學(xué)的代表人物多認(rèn)為“敘事”是動(dòng)態(tài)的經(jīng)驗(yàn),是讀者參與的發(fā)展進(jìn)程。而解構(gòu)主義則以“反敘事學(xué)”為目的來(lái)進(jìn)行敘事探討。 經(jīng)典敘事學(xué)進(jìn)入中國(guó)后,發(fā)生了諸多變異,主要表現(xiàn)在:首先,動(dòng)搖了經(jīng)典敘事學(xué)的根基,調(diào)和二元對(duì)立,拒斥片面,因之也拒斥了深刻。其次,聚焦于表層結(jié)構(gòu)的一系列概念、術(shù)語(yǔ)被廣泛使用,而聚焦于深層結(jié)構(gòu)的系統(tǒng)理論卻較少得到運(yùn)用,從而導(dǎo)致了文本分析中深層結(jié)構(gòu)的缺失。再次,中國(guó)當(dāng)代敘事批評(píng)表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)作家主體的堅(jiān)持和對(duì)價(jià)值評(píng)判的執(zhí)著的傾向。由于受到文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)的影響,出于批評(píng)實(shí)踐的需要,中國(guó)學(xué)者對(duì)“敘事”作出了一些略有變通的闡釋。 最后,本文認(rèn)為,我們只有以開(kāi)放的胸懷來(lái)面對(duì)西方敘事研究的最新成果,以客觀(guān)公允的態(tài)度來(lái)檢視中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)敘事理論遺產(chǎn),以敏銳的學(xué)術(shù)眼光關(guān)注中國(guó)當(dāng)下的文學(xué)狀況,理論建構(gòu)與批評(píng)實(shí)踐并重,我們的敘事研究才會(huì)真正獲得參與國(guó)際對(duì)話(huà)的平臺(tái)。
[Abstract]:Since twentieth Century the intellectual circles, "turns" enough to make every one dazzling. Today, the "narrative turn" is largely unnoticed. In this atmosphere, "narrative" undoubtedly become the contemporary literary studies, cultural studies and the keywords of Humanities and social sciences.
What is the "narrative", on the understanding of this concept is directly related to the nature of narrative theory, people of different criticism based on the position of "narrative" has given different meanings. Based on this consideration, this article from the etymological meaning of narrative ", combined with the historical and cultural context, to explore the differences of" narrative "and" narrative "in Chinese and Western; the combination of contemporary narrative theory, narrative of the main western faction" narrative "understanding and differentiates the rise of overview; classical narratology and its acceptance in Chinese, mainly in the perspective of Chinese using variation in the process of China from contemporary literary criticism practice and sum up the understanding of the narrative form.
This paper argues that the "narrative" as the "dominant narrative significance" in the history of the long-term without big changes, but its application has undergone great changes. In Chinese, "narrative" originally appeared as a compound word, it has more extensive significance from the history. Cultural context, China and Western "narrative" difference is mainly reflected in: first, Chinese and western early, elite and popular narrative narrative appeared in the formation of narrative literature, the western narrative in the narrative: Western exchanges, China recipients are realized. Secondly, the western narrative in the space of more on schedule, multi-level Chinese is relatively more emphasis on space. The West often presents a kind of divergent thinking in the form of space and time, and China businessmenwho circular thinking, is reflected in the "no Once again, the western traditional narrative mode is mostly single line structure with plot concentration. However, Chinese narrative works are more complicated. Therefore, we should pay special attention to order and clue. At the same time, China often gives philosophical and ethical significance to "sequence".
Today, the narrative faction has different understanding of "narrative". Structuralist narratology regards "narrative" in the most general sense refers to the language used especially written language expression of one or a series of real or imaginary events. "Feminist narratology" narrative "that carries the social relations that statement is narrative voice and the outside world is to communicate with each other. The ideological narrative" narrative "is defined as" symbol behavior of a kind of society, and narrative theory from the structure to the interpretation of history, has a distinctive political participation consciousness. Representatives of rhetorical narratology of "narrative" is more than that dynamic experience is the process of development. And the readers in the deconstruction to "anti narrative" for the purpose of narrative study.
The classic narratology into Chinese, there are many variations, mainly displays in: first, shake the foundation of classical narratology, to reconcile the two opposites, rejects the one-sided, because of the rejection of the profound. Secondly, the concept of a series of focus on the surface structure, the term is widely used, and focus on the deep structure of system theory seldom used, which leads to the lack of deep structure of text analysis. Thirdly, China contemporary narrative criticism showed a strong tendency to adhere to the writer and dedication to value judgment. Influenced by the literary tradition, the need for critical practice, Chinese scholars made some slight modifications to explain "narrative".
Finally, this paper argues that our latest achievements only with an open mind to face the western narrative research, with an objective and fair attitude to examine the China traditional narrative theory on contemporary literary heritage, China with keen academic vision, theory and practice of criticism and heavy, will we really get the narrative research in international dialogue the platform.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I06

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