【摘要】： 從歷時(shí)態(tài)的縱向看,西方文學(xué)理論的發(fā)展過(guò)程可以大致分作古代、近現(xiàn)代、當(dāng)代幾個(gè)階段,而每個(gè)階段又流派紛呈。從共時(shí)態(tài)的橫向看,文論作為研究文學(xué)普遍規(guī)律的學(xué)科,各時(shí)代、各流派的之間不應(yīng)該是完全對(duì)立甚至割裂的。西方文論選是研究西方文論的著作類(lèi)型之一,在選文的編排上,通常依據(jù)文論史脈和作家年代為序。英國(guó)文論家拉曼·塞爾登編著的《文學(xué)批評(píng)理論——從柏拉圖到現(xiàn)在》打破了這種慣例,以文論的主題或論題來(lái)編纂。在同一個(gè)主題或論題下,不同時(shí)代文論家的相關(guān)論述歷時(shí)排序;而將不同的主題或論題共時(shí)并置,形成彼此的參照�！皻v時(shí)”和“共時(shí)”得自索緒爾的語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論,這對(duì)術(shù)語(yǔ)通常作為一種方法論出現(xiàn)在多個(gè)領(lǐng)域的學(xué)術(shù)研究著作或論文中。本文用這兩個(gè)看似對(duì)立卻又交織的詞語(yǔ),來(lái)探討《文學(xué)批評(píng)理論》這部文論選著作的編寫(xiě)觀念和方法論意義。 《文學(xué)批評(píng)理論——從柏拉圖到現(xiàn)在》的英文原著書(shū)名“The Theory of Criticism: From Plato to the Present”,直譯為中文應(yīng)該是“批評(píng)理論:從柏拉圖到現(xiàn)在”。文學(xué)理論和批評(píng)理論的異同和聯(lián)系是什么?這部書(shū)在編選體例上的特色對(duì)西方文論研究又有何啟迪作用?本文旨在通過(guò)對(duì)《文學(xué)批評(píng)理論:從柏拉圖到現(xiàn)在》一書(shū)的內(nèi)、外研究,努力回答以上問(wèn)題,進(jìn)而從積極的方面探討這部文論選著述在學(xué)術(shù)方法論上的示范性。如編者塞爾登在序言中所說(shuō),“我們只要采取一種比較的、歷史的研究方法,就不難理解它們之間相對(duì)的非連續(xù)性�！薄皢�(wèn)題和答案是隨歷史環(huán)境的改變而改變的。然而,連續(xù)性和對(duì)立存在的機(jī)遇一樣多。某些特別的傳統(tǒng)生存下來(lái)或者獲得了加強(qiáng),而另一些傳統(tǒng)卻長(zhǎng)久地消失了,但卻有可能隨著新思潮使它們重新獲得功用而在未來(lái)的什么時(shí)候復(fù)活。”
[Abstract]:From the vertical point of view of historical tense, the development process of western literary theory can be roughly divided into ancient, modern and contemporary stages, and each stage is of various schools. From the horizontal aspect of syntenses, literary theory, as a subject of studying the universal law of literature, should not be completely opposed or even separated between different schools of times. The selection of western literary theory is one of the types of works that study western literary theory. In the arrangement of selection, it is usually based on the historical context of literary theory and the age of the writer. The Literary criticism Theory, compiled by English literary theorist Raman Seldon, breaks this practice and is compiled on the theme or topic of literary theory. Under the same theme or topic, the relevant treatises of literary theorists of different times are sorted in diachronic order, and the different themes or topics are put together in the same time to form mutual reference. Diachronic and synchronic are derived from Saussure's linguistic theory, which often appears as a methodology in academic works or papers in many fields. This paper uses these two seemingly opposite but intertwined words to discuss the writing concept and methodological significance of the selected works of Literary criticism. Literary criticism Theory: from Plato to the present, the title of the original book, The Theory of Criticism: From Plato to the Present, should be translated into Chinese as critical Theory: from Plato to the present. What are the similarities and differences between literary theory and critical theory? What is the enlightening effect of the characteristics of this book on the style of editing for the study of western literary theory? The purpose of this paper is to study the inner and outer aspects of Literary criticism Theory: from Plato to the present, and to try to answer the above questions, and then to explore the demonstration of the selected works in academic methodology from the positive aspects. As the editor Seldon said in the preface, "it is not difficult to understand the relative discontinuity between them as long as we adopt a comparative, historical approach." Questions and answers change with the change of historical circumstances. However, there are as many opportunities as opposites. Some particular traditions have survived or been strengthened, while others have long disappeared, but it is possible to resurrect them in the future as new ideas bring them back to use. "
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I06

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