本文選題：《百喻經(jīng)》 + 《伊索寓言》　； 參考：《延邊大學》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 黑格兒在他的《美學》中，把“寓言”歸結(jié)為“比喻的藝術(shù)”，這一見解非常精辟。寓言是人類早期的一種文學體裁，它以簡短的故事作為譬喻或象征，說明抽象的道理和人生哲理。 寓言最早產(chǎn)生于流傳在民間的群眾口頭創(chuàng)作，寓言作為民間故事的一部分，在世界文學史上占有非常重要的地位。世界古代寓言的三大發(fā)祥地是中國、印度和希臘。印度的《百喻經(jīng)》中收錄佛教經(jīng)典，把佛教性價值和藝術(shù)性價值集于一身，具有自身的獨創(chuàng)性。所以《百喻經(jīng)》又是與古希臘的《伊索寓言》相齊名的寓言故事集，兩部作品分別是東西方寓言集的代表。 《百喻經(jīng)》與《伊索寓言》中的寓言故事，用擬人，比喻，象征，夸張等手法來，象征和影射人類社會的某些現(xiàn)象，達到譬喻的目的。但是，印度寓言故事和西方寓言故事不盡相同，就寓言中的角色而言，，在西方寓言中動物形象占據(jù)著特別重要的位置，相對于西方，東方的寓言故事則以人物故事為居多，與當時的社會文化背景有著密切的聯(lián)系。 本文利用平行研究方法，從結(jié)構(gòu)、題材、藝術(shù)風格、主人公類型等幾個方面探討《百喻經(jīng)》與《伊索寓言》這兩部作品，進而分別在《百喻經(jīng)》和《伊索寓言》中選出七個相似的故事，以馬克思主義歷史唯物論和辯證唯物論為基礎(chǔ)，綜合運用水平研究和影響研究等比較文學的研究方法，對兩部作品進行多方面的比較分析，深入探討《百喻經(jīng)》與《伊索寓言》的共性與差異以及發(fā)展規(guī)律，這對更好地理解東西方寓言，以及對東西方文化和文學的比較研究，具有一定的學術(shù)價值，而且，對東西方具有代表性的兩部寓言作品進行比較研究本身就有重要的意義。 通過研究得出東西方寓言的文學發(fā)展法則，即寓言的出現(xiàn)都是在古代人民處在最艱苦和惡劣的生活環(huán)境時；主人公類型上說東西方寓言里較少出現(xiàn)女性形象和植物形象；題材方面都是對民間故事的收集、加工和再創(chuàng)造；藝術(shù)風格方面上看內(nèi)容詼諧，語言精辟，篇幅較��；主題方面都強調(diào)生活中的智慧和道德性；在《百喻經(jīng)》與《伊索寓言》中，可以看到古印度民間故事的痕跡，數(shù)量上說《百喻經(jīng)》中的比重更大一些，《伊索寓言》中只占極少一部分，從異源相似的觀點來說，把兩部作品看作是各自獨立的創(chuàng)作更為合適。 總之《百喻經(jīng)》和《伊索寓言》作為東西方具有代表性的寓言集，給后續(xù)的寓言創(chuàng)作帶來了深遠的影響。
[Abstract]:In his < aesthetics > he attributed the "fable" to "the art of Metaphorical". This interpretation is very penetrating. The fable is a literary genre in the early days of mankind. It uses a short story as a metaphor or symbol to explain the abstract truth and the philosophy of life.
The fable was first produced in the oral creation of the people in the folk. As a part of the folktale, fables occupy a very important position in the history of world literature. The three birthplaces of the ancient fables of the world are China, India and Greece. The Buddhist classics in India's "Yu Jing >" set the Buddhist and artistic values together. It has its own originality. So the "Yu Jing" is a fable set of fable stories in which the ancient Greek allegorical fables are in the same name. The two works are the representatives of the eastern and Western fables.
The allegorical stories in "Yu Jing" and "Aesop's fable" use personification, metaphor, symbolism and exaggeration to symbolize and shadow some phenomena of human society and achieve the purpose of metaphor. However, India fable stories are different from Western fables, and the characters in fables occupy a particularly important position in Western fables. Compared with the west, the eastern fable is dominated by people's stories, which is closely related to the social and cultural background at that time.
This paper uses parallel research methods to discuss the two works from the structure, the subject matter, the artistic style, the protagonist and so on, and then select seven similar stories in the "Yu Jing" and the Aesop's fable, and based on Marx's historical materialism and dialectical materialism. The research method of comparative literature, such as study and influence research, makes a comparative analysis of the two works, and explores the generality and difference between the "Bai Yu Jing" and the Aesop's fable and the law of development. It has a certain academic value for better understanding the eastern and Western fables and the comparative study of the culture and literature of the East and the west, and to the East. The comparative study of two representative fable works in the west is of great significance.
By studying the literary development rule of the eastern and Western fables, that is, the appearance of the fable is when the ancient people are in the arduous and abominable living environment; the hero types say that there is less female image and plant image in the eastern and Western fables; the subject matter is the collection, processing and re creation of the folk stories; the artistic style is square. The content is witty, the language is incisive and the length is small; the themes all emphasize the wisdom and morality of life; in the book of Yu Jing and the Aesop's fable, we can see the traces of the ancient India folktales, in the number of the larger proportion of the "Yu Jing", and the few of the Aesop's fables, from a similar point of view. It is more appropriate to regard the two works as separate works.
In short, the metaphor and the Aesop's fables, as the representative fables of the East and West, have a profound influence on the subsequent fable creation.
【學位授予單位】：延邊大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：I0-03;I106

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 張鴻勛;拈花微笑:古代印度《百喻經(jīng)》與民間故事的比較閱讀[J];天水師范學院學報;2004年06期

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