本文選題：演奏員 + 注意分配　； 參考：《首都師范大學(xué)》2006年碩士論文

【摘要】：“注意”是心理學(xué)與音樂(lè)心理學(xué)學(xué)科的一個(gè)研究領(lǐng)域。追溯學(xué)科發(fā)展的歷史進(jìn)程，其經(jīng)歷了構(gòu)造主義學(xué)派的初創(chuàng)時(shí)期，行為主義流派的“停滯”與格式塔流派的合并等低迷時(shí)期。直至20世紀(jì)70年代認(rèn)知心理學(xué)流派重新受到重視并確立了其獨(dú)立研究地位，注意分配理論研究才受到重視，并在實(shí)驗(yàn)方面不斷得到驗(yàn)證和豐富。 國(guó)內(nèi)外音樂(lè)心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的注意研究(注意分配)主要集中在音樂(lè)音響心理研究中的旋律、音高、節(jié)奏等基本表現(xiàn)要素方面，音樂(lè)表演心理研究中的樂(lè)器技能訓(xùn)練、樂(lè)隊(duì)合奏等方面，音樂(lè)教育心理研究中的音樂(lè)認(rèn)知與音樂(lè)記憶、音樂(lè)腦科學(xué)等方面。可以認(rèn)為，有關(guān)音樂(lè)注意的研究涉及面較為廣泛。 本研究收集、整理并分析大量以音樂(lè)心理學(xué)為主線(xiàn)的注意研究的文獻(xiàn)資料，調(diào)查了其與一些交叉學(xué)科的關(guān)系及發(fā)展前景，將研究的主要目光集中在“樂(lè)隊(duì)演奏員注意分配的機(jī)制研究”這一研究課題。選擇這一題目，一是因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)比較新穎的、富有挑戰(zhàn)性的問(wèn)題，二是因?yàn)樵撨x題同時(shí)具備音樂(lè)心理學(xué)有關(guān)注意理論的基礎(chǔ)研究?jī)r(jià)值和對(duì)音樂(lè)藝術(shù)表演實(shí)踐的一定程度上的實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。本研究希望通過(guò)對(duì)認(rèn)知心理學(xué)注意分配理論和國(guó)外“樂(lè)隊(duì)合奏中的注意分配研究”理論的探討，豐富音樂(lè)心理學(xué)有關(guān)“注意”的基礎(chǔ)理論，并結(jié)合實(shí)際對(duì)演奏員的注意分配機(jī)制問(wèn)題進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，從而體現(xiàn)本研究的意義與價(jià)值。 本研究中所涉及的實(shí)驗(yàn)屬基礎(chǔ)研究實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)采用多種科學(xué)方法進(jìn)行，包括重復(fù)測(cè)量一個(gè)因素的三因素混合設(shè)計(jì)法、反應(yīng)時(shí)記錄法、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查法、Presentation軟件編程及多種統(tǒng)計(jì)方法。 實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，注意分配中的多重分配理論還不完善，本文認(rèn)為注意資源分配中存在中樞機(jī)制控制環(huán)節(jié)，可以對(duì)不同感覺(jué)道的資源分配起到調(diào)節(jié)作用；注意的容量資源有限，刺激強(qiáng)度對(duì)感覺(jué)道容量資源的信息加工有影響；個(gè)體機(jī)能存在內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)差異，技能差異可以通過(guò)訓(xùn)練逐漸減小；本研究有助于演奏員了解注意分配活動(dòng)過(guò)程的認(rèn)知特征，提高在樂(lè)隊(duì)合奏中的控制能力，為達(dá)到好的音響效果起著重要促進(jìn)作用。
[Abstract]:Attention is a research field in psychology and music psychology. Tracing back to the historical process of discipline development, it has gone through the initial period of constructivism, the stagnation of behaviorism and the combination of Gestalt. It was not until the 1970s that the school of cognitive psychology was revalued and its independent research status was established, and the theory of attention distribution was paid more attention to, and it was constantly verified and enriched in the field of experiments. Attention research in the field of music psychology at home and abroad (attention distribution) mainly focuses on melody, pitch, rhythm and other basic performance elements in the study of music and sound psychology, and musical instrument skill training in the research of music performance psychology. Music cognition and music memory, music brain science and so on. It can be considered that the study of musical attention involves a wide range of areas. This study collected, collated and analyzed a large number of literature on attention research with the main line of music psychology, and investigated its relationship with some interdisciplinary disciplines and its development prospects. The main focus of this research is on the mechanism of band players' attention allocation. One reason for choosing this topic is because it is a relatively new and challenging question. The second reason is that this topic has the basic research value of the attention theory of music psychology and the practical application value to the music art performance practice to a certain extent at the same time. The purpose of this study is to enrich the basic theory of attention in music psychology by discussing the theory of attention distribution in cognitive psychology and the theory of attention distribution in band ensemble abroad. Combined with the actual situation, this paper makes an experimental study on the attention distribution mechanism of the players, thus reflecting the significance and value of this study. The experiment involved in this study is a basic research experiment. The experiment was carried out by a variety of scientific methods, including a three-factor mixed design method for repeated measurement of one factor, a response time recording method, a questionnaire survey method and presentation software programming and a variety of statistical methods. The experiment shows that the theory of multiple redistribution in attention allocation is not perfect. This paper holds that there is central mechanism control in attention resource allocation, which can regulate the resource allocation of different sensory channels, and the capacity of attention is limited. The intensity of stimulation has an effect on the processing of sensory tract capacity resources; there are internal structural differences in individual functions, and the differences in skills can be gradually reduced through training. This study helps the players to understand the cognitive characteristics of attention allocation activities. Improving the control ability in band ensemble plays an important role in achieving sound effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：J60-05

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本文編號(hào)：2071007