本文選題：羅城縣　切入點(diǎn)：山歌活動　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：羅城縣地處九萬大山南麓，自古以來就是眾多少數(shù)民族聚居之地，是歌仙劉三姐的出生地，有著歷史悠久的民族文化，有著保存較為完整的少數(shù)民族風(fēng)俗，其中以山歌文化最具有代表性。在國內(nèi)，關(guān)于羅城縣的山歌文化研究，大多集中在仫佬族山歌上，并多從音樂學(xué)和文學(xué)的角度進(jìn)行研究，而對于與仫佬族山歌并行的壯歌、漢歌研究成果不多，從民俗學(xué)角度對整體的山歌文化進(jìn)行研究的論文也不多。論文嘗試用田野調(diào)查的方法，對羅城縣境內(nèi)的山歌活動變遷進(jìn)行研究。 羅城縣的山歌種類有漢歌、壯歌、仫佬歌、瑤歌、苗歌、侗歌，近年來漢歌的地位逐漸超過壯歌、仫佬歌，處于主導(dǎo)地位。之所以有這樣的變化原因是多方面的，包括時代的變遷、社會語境的不同、文化背景的改變、歌唱主體的變化、以及山歌本身的流變。人類由農(nóng)業(yè)文明跨向工業(yè)文明，導(dǎo)致了社會生產(chǎn)方式的改變，而山歌文化產(chǎn)生于農(nóng)業(yè)文明時代，在工業(yè)文明社會中山歌必須不斷進(jìn)行自我調(diào)整以適應(yīng)新時代，而漢歌在這個過程中表現(xiàn)出頑強(qiáng)的生命和充沛的活力，受到歌者更多的青睞。歌唱主體對山歌的態(tài)度，對山歌活動的變遷起著決定性的作用，，歌者的演唱、聽眾的欣賞共同促進(jìn)山歌文化的傳承，歌者對山歌種類的選擇間接影響到山歌文化的發(fā)展，聽眾的觀賞態(tài)度直接影響到山歌的歌詠主題。就山歌本身而言，由于長時期的民族融合，在不同民族文化的交融與碰撞下，許多少數(shù)民族人民放棄本民族語言而學(xué)習(xí)西南官話，這無形中增加了漢歌的優(yōu)勢。山歌活動的變遷自然也導(dǎo)致了山歌功能的變化，首先是山歌作為一種娛樂活動其娛樂性越來越單純化，其次山歌的傳統(tǒng)教育功能發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變，最后是山歌美育功能的凸顯。 羅城縣的山歌活動范圍在減小卻相對穩(wěn)定，從其變化軌跡看，時代文化背景和社會語境的改變起著主導(dǎo)作用，民眾思想意識和行為的變化也對其有著重要影響。山歌活動的影響力從表面上看在文化部門的作用下變大了，而從長遠(yuǎn)上看，這個影響力是在不斷縮小的，但其作為地方性文化資源其有著不可替代的作用。歌謠只是一次山歌活動的縮影，作為生活方式的歌唱則是一直在流動著的。只要生活還鮮活而靈動，歌唱就有屬于自己的生命源頭。
[Abstract]:Luocheng County is located at the southern foot of 90,000 mountains. Since ancient times, Luocheng County has been home to many ethnic minorities. It is the birthplace of Sister Liu Sanjie of GE Xian. It has a long history of national culture, and has preserved relatively complete minority customs. In China, most of the research on the folk song culture of Luocheng County is concentrated on the Mulao folk songs, and they are mostly studied from the perspectives of musicology and literature, while the Zhuang songs, which are parallel to the Mulao folk songs, are studied. There are few achievements in the research of Han songs and few papers on the whole folk song culture from the perspective of folklore. This paper attempts to study the changes of folk songs activities in Luocheng County by using the method of field investigation. The types of folk songs in Luocheng County are Han songs, Zhuang songs, Mulao songs, Yao songs, Miao songs, Dong songs. In recent years, the status of Han songs has gradually exceeded that of Zhuang songs and Mulao songs. Including the change of times, the difference of social context, the change of cultural background, the change of singing subject, and the change of folk song itself. The folk song culture came into being in the age of agricultural civilization. In the industrial civilization society, the folk song must constantly adjust itself to adapt to the new era, and the Han song showed tenacious life and abundant vitality in this process. The singing subject's attitude to the folk song plays a decisive role in the change of the folk song activity. The singer's singing and the audience's appreciation promote the inheritance of the folk song culture together. The choice of folk songs by singers indirectly affects the development of folk songs culture, and the audience's attitude of appreciation directly affects the singing themes of folk songs. As far as the folk songs themselves are concerned, due to the long period of national integration, under the combination and collision of different national cultures, Many ethnic minority people gave up their native language and studied Southwest Mandarin, which virtually increased the advantages of Han songs. The changes in folk songs activities naturally led to changes in the function of folk songs. Firstly, as an entertainment activity, folk songs are becoming more and more simple, secondly, the traditional educational function of folk songs has changed, and finally the aesthetic education function of folk songs has been highlighted. The range of folk songs in Luocheng County is decreasing but relatively stable. From the perspective of its changing track, the cultural background and social context of the times play a leading role. The changes in people's ideology and behavior also have an important impact on it. The influence of the folk song activities has increased on the surface under the role of the cultural sector, but in the long run, this influence is constantly diminishing. However, as a local cultural resource, it plays an irreplaceable role. Ballads are only a microcosm of a folk song activity, while singing as a way of life is always flowing. As long as life is alive and well, Singing has its own source of life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：J607

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