本文選題：胸腹式聯(lián)合呼吸　切入點(diǎn)：喉頭位置　出處：《中央音樂學(xué)院》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：呼吸方式的好壞直接影響到歌唱狀態(tài)的好壞,不僅表現(xiàn)在為歌唱提供動(dòng)力支持,同時(shí)對(duì)歌唱時(shí)的喉頭位置、聲帶運(yùn)動(dòng)也會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響。而喉頭位置是否穩(wěn)定、聲帶運(yùn)動(dòng)是否自由,直接影響到音質(zhì)、音色的變化和發(fā)高音的能力,同時(shí)對(duì)嗓音疲勞耐受性和嗓音健康也有影響。 國內(nèi)外學(xué)者一致認(rèn)為最佳的歌唱呼吸方式應(yīng)當(dāng)采用胸腹式聯(lián)合呼吸方式,即保持胸骨站定、腰肋部擴(kuò)張,發(fā)音時(shí)腹部內(nèi)收,膈肌與腹肌相互對(duì)抗的呼吸方式。但從臨床實(shí)踐和歌手演唱中發(fā)現(xiàn),很多歌手嗓子出現(xiàn)問題、唱高音困難與其呼吸使用不當(dāng)、不夠準(zhǔn)確有直接關(guān)系。 為此本文以26名美聲唱法歌手為研究對(duì)象,通過采用調(diào)查問卷(26人)、臨床喉鏡檢測(26人)、歌唱狀態(tài)評(píng)估(24人)以及呼吸帶的使用(3人)等方法,觀察他們在歌唱發(fā)聲時(shí)的姿勢和呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng)的方式,隨發(fā)高音喉頭變化的情況以及聲帶隨發(fā)高音是否能夠伸展等方面,試圖找到困擾和影響人們歌唱以及發(fā)高音困難的呼吸原因,進(jìn)一步提醒廣大聲樂教師以及學(xué)生要重視呼吸問題,要在呼吸上下功夫,不僅要懂得歌唱呼吸的原理,更要做到身體力行、知行統(tǒng)一 研究結(jié)論如下： 一、從對(duì)26名被試者問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果上看,有14人(54%)在歌唱時(shí)存在氣息不夠用的情況,這14人中有7人沒有采用胸腹式聯(lián)合呼吸的方式,盡管人們公認(rèn)胸腹式呼吸的方式是歌唱所要用的最好的呼吸方式,但為什么仍有四分之一的人沒有采用胸腹式聯(lián)合呼吸方式,這是值得人們深思的一個(gè)問題。 二、從對(duì)26名被試者喉鏡檢查結(jié)果看,有16人存在不同程度的張嘴伸舌發(fā)[衣]不準(zhǔn)確的情況,占62%。而這16人中,有12人出現(xiàn)高音困難,占75%。這12名高音困難者中有8人沒有采用胸腹式聯(lián)合呼吸的方式。這不難看出,呼吸方式的好壞與喉腔是否放松打開和唱高音的能力之間有某種聯(lián)動(dòng)關(guān)系。 三、從對(duì)26名被試者喉鏡檢測結(jié)果上看,有24人(92%)借助于室?guī)�、�?huì)厭的代償運(yùn)動(dòng)縮短喉部發(fā)音管的長短唱高音,與21人喉頭隨發(fā)高音上提明顯的比例相當(dāng)。這一現(xiàn)象說明很少人能真正做到歌唱時(shí)不借助于喉外肌的力量來發(fā)高音,看來真正能夠做到唱在氣流上的人是很不容易的。 四、我們知道,吸氣狀態(tài)的好壞直接影響到歌唱狀態(tài)的好壞,本次研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),仍有17人有明顯的聳肩、抬胸的動(dòng)作,占總體人數(shù)的71%。這種吸氣動(dòng)作既不利于膈肌和喉頭的下降、喉外肌的放松,更不利于聲帶的運(yùn)動(dòng)和高音的解決,是必須要克服的一個(gè)問題。 五、通過對(duì)14名高音不方便者呼吸方式的觀察,9名沒有使用胸腹式聯(lián)合呼吸方式的被試者全在此行列中。盡管有5名被試者使用胸腹式聯(lián)合呼吸方式,但由于其在高音時(shí)無法保持胸部的外擴(kuò)、喉頭的穩(wěn)定,仍然造成了高音困難。因此我們建議無論生理?xiàng)l件如何,若不從呼吸上下功夫,即使訓(xùn)練多年也難以突破高音。 六、15名使用胸腹式聯(lián)合呼吸方式的被試者中,平均學(xué)習(xí)聲樂年限為7年,10名唱高音方便者全在此行列中。而9名沒有使用胸腹式聯(lián)合呼吸方式的被試者,平均學(xué)習(xí)聲樂年限為7.5年,高音均不方便。這進(jìn)一步說明,若呼吸方式不好,高音是否能解決與訓(xùn)練年限沒有關(guān)系,而與呼吸方式的好壞直接有關(guān)。 七、從對(duì)呼吸帶的測量運(yùn)用上來看,呼吸帶可觀察到被試者胸部、腹部的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式,進(jìn)一步確定什么是胸腹式呼吸、什么是鼓肚呼吸,可以成為聲樂教學(xué)觀察和訓(xùn)練呼吸的一個(gè)輔助手段。
[Abstract]:The breathing pattern directly affects the state of singing is good or bad, not only in providing power support for singing, singing at the same time to when the position of larynx, the vocal cord movement will have an impact. And the position of larynx is stable, whether freedom of vocal cord movement, directly affects the quality and ability of tone changes and soprano, also effect of voice fatigue tolerance and vocal health.
The domestic and foreign scholars think that the best way of singing breath should be used in thoracic abdominal breathing, which keeps the sternum stand, waist rib expansion, pronounced abdominal adduction, diaphragm and abdominal muscles against each other breathing method. But in clinical practice and singer found that many singers sing the treble voice problems. The difficulty with breathing improper use, is not accurate enough to have a direct relationship.
This paper takes the 26 bel canto singers as the research object, by using the questionnaire (26), clinical detection (26), laryngoscope singing state assessment (24) and the use of breathing zone (3) and other methods, to observe them in singing posture and breathing exercises, with the hair treble throat variations and vocal cords with soprano is able to stretch and so on, trying to find the reason of respiratory distress and affect people singing and high difficulty, further to remind the majority of teachers and students should pay attention to vocal breathing problems, to breathe on in Kung Fu, not only to understand the principle of singing breath, to do more practice the unity of knowledge and Practice
The conclusions are as follows:
One of 26 subjects from the questionnaire survey results, 14 people (54%). Not enough conditions exist in the singing, 7 people did not use the chest abdomen combined breathing way of the 14, although people accepted the chest abdominal breathing way is the best way to breath in singing to use, but why there are still 1/4 people without the thoracic abdominal breathing, this is a question worth pondering.
Two, from the 26 subjects laryngoscopy results, 16 people have different degrees of mouth Shenshe hair [] clothes not accurate, accounting for 62%. of the 16, 12 people have high difficulties, 8 people did not use the chest abdomen combined breathing mode accounted for 75%. of the 12 a difficult. It is not difficult to see that there is some relationship between quality and laryngeal cavity breathing patterns are relaxed and open the soprano.
Three, from the 26 subjects on the laryngoscope inspection results, there are 24 people (92%) with the help of room, the compensatory motion of the epiglottis throat tube length shortened pronunciation sing soprano, and 21 people with high lift throat ratio is quite obvious. This phenomenon shows that very few people can really sing without the help of laryngeal muscle strength to treble, it seems really can sing in the air is not very easy.
Four, we know that the suction state directly affects the state of singing is found in this study, there are still 17 people have significant shrug, lift chest movements, this decline accounted for 71%. of the overall number of breathing movements is not conducive to the diaphragm and larynx, laryngeal muscle relaxation, but not conducive to to solve the vocal fold movement and treble, is a problem that must be overcome.
Five, through the 14 treble inconvenient observer breathing patterns, 9 did not use the chest abdomen combined breathing subjects in the ranks. Although there are 5 subjects with thoracic abdominal breathing, but due to its inability to keep expanding the chest in the treble, throat stable, still caused difficulties. We suggest that the treble regardless of physiological conditions, if not from the upper and lower respiratory effort, even if it is difficult to break through years of training notes.
Six, 15 patients with thoracic abdominal breathing mode of subjects, the average learning vocal music for 7 years, 10 were all in this convenient to sing high ranks. While the 9 did not use the chest abdomen combined breathing subjects, the average learning vocal music for 7.5 years, the treble is not convenient this is further explained, if breathing is not good, the treble is able to solve the Never mind and years of training, and breathing patterns directly.
Seven, from the measurement of respiratory belt, breathing belt can observe the movement of subjects' chest and abdomen, and further determine what chest and abdominal breathing and bulging breathing can become an auxiliary means for observing and training breathing in vocal music teaching.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央音樂學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：J616

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