本文選題：中國　切入點：古代　出處：《中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2006年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：聲學(xué)是古代中國最為發(fā)育的學(xué)科之一，也是中國科學(xué)史中內(nèi)容最豐富的學(xué)科之一。有國外學(xué)者甚至形象地說“中國是聲學(xué)的國家”。本文的主要研究方向是我國音樂考古學(xué)中的管律學(xué)。由于管律學(xué)同其它方方面面的社會因素有著直接或間接的聯(lián)系，所以不能把它僅看作聲學(xué)的分支，而管律學(xué)的這種社會性也是中國古代聲學(xué)領(lǐng)先世界的一個很重要的原因。中國聲學(xué)的最大特色和成就在于中國特有的樂律學(xué)，而樂律學(xué)之根本在于黃鐘律管的確定。中國早在五千年前就出現(xiàn)了國家標準律管——黃鐘律管，后世歷朝歷代的統(tǒng)治者也都相當重視黃鐘音高的制定，把制律當成國家的基本制度，與度量衡同等看待。所以文章主要從兩個方面探討中國古代管律學(xué)。第一部分探討我國迄今發(fā)現(xiàn)最早的管樂器，分析我國早期管樂器的吹法，并通過賈湖骨笛音階的發(fā)展推論出音樂起源中音階產(chǎn)生發(fā)展的規(guī)律和動力。第二部分主要通過文獻調(diào)研和考古測音分析得出我國歷代黃鐘標準音高，并探討我國古代黃鐘音高變化的原因和趨勢。 第一章主要研究早期管樂器的起源和流傳，對世界各地早期骨笛進行了搜集和整理，借鑒科技考古中的產(chǎn)地研究方法，結(jié)合文獻記載，通過對骨管樂器形制、名稱的考證，綜合骨管樂器間的時空分布，探討了骨管樂器的起源及可能的傳播途徑并從而揭示古人遷徙和文化交流。 第二章在采用斜吹技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，對2001年最新出土的一只7孔賈湖骨笛進行了測音研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)其正確的演奏方法應(yīng)當是斜吹法，其發(fā)音音域不少于兩個八度，7孔骨笛一般可以演奏七聲音階，以十二平均律為標準，其音準誤差均在常人聽覺難以覺察的范圍之內(nèi)，，考慮到實際吹奏時的技術(shù)性校正，賈湖骨笛實際演奏樂曲的音準度堪稱史前奇跡。這項研究的重要成果是對比研究了賈湖骨笛的吹法，確定賈湖骨笛應(yīng)該是采用斜吹法，這種吹法很可能是最古老的管樂器演奏方法。 河南省八千年前新石器時期賈湖遺址中發(fā)現(xiàn)的可演奏骨笛開啟了我們對目前已知最早的音樂聲階的研究。為了進一步探索八千年前音樂的演變，我們在第三章中對兩根賈湖早期的骨笛(公元前7000—6600年)進行測音，并采用現(xiàn)代音樂軟件來分析其音調(diào)構(gòu)成。同時公布了新近發(fā)掘的一根中期骨笛M511：4(公元
[Abstract]:Acoustics is one of the most developed disciplines in ancient China. It is also one of the most abundant subjects in the history of Chinese science. Some foreign scholars even say vividly that "China is the country of acoustics". The main research direction of this paper is the regulation of music archaeology in China. There is a direct or indirect connection between its various social factors, So we can't just think of it as a branch of acoustics, and the sociality of tutorology is also a very important reason for the world's leading acoustics in ancient China. The greatest characteristic of Chinese acoustics and its success lies in the unique Chinese music science. The fundamental reason for music law is the determination of the Huang Zhong Rhythm. As early as 5,000 years ago, there was a national standard Rhythm-the Yellow Bell Rhythm in China, and the rulers of later dynasties also attached great importance to the setting of the pitch of the Yellow Bell. Regard the law as the basic system of the country, and treat it equally with the measure and measure. Therefore, the article mainly discusses the ancient Chinese pipe law from two aspects. The first part discusses the earliest wind instrument found so far in our country, and analyzes the blowing method of the early wind instrument in our country. And through the development of Jihu bone flute scale, we infer the law and motive force of the development of musical scale in the origin of music. The second part is mainly through literature investigation and archaeological analysis to get the standard pitch of the yellow bell in the past dynasties of our country. The causes and trends of the change of the pitch of the ancient yellow bell in China are also discussed. The first chapter mainly studies the origin and spread of the early wind instrument, collects and arranges the early bone flute around the world, draws lessons from the origin research method in the science and technology archaeology, combines the literature record, through the textual research to the bone wind instrument shape, the name, Based on the spatial and temporal distribution of bony wind instruments, the origin and possible transmission of bony wind instruments are discussed, and the migration and cultural exchange of the ancients are revealed. In the second chapter, on the basis of the oblique blowing technique, we study the sound measurement of a 7-hole Ja Hu bone flute unearthed in 2001. It is found that the correct playing method should be the oblique blowing method. Its pronunciation range is not less than two octave 7 holes bone flute can generally play seven sound levels, based on the law of 12 average as the standard, its sound error is within the range of hearing is difficult to detect, taking into account the actual play technical correction, The sound level of the actual music played by the Jia Hu bone flute is a prehistoric miracle. The important result of this study is to compare and study the blowing method of the Jia lake bone flute, and to determine that the Jia Hu bone flute should adopt the oblique blowing method. This is probably the oldest wind instrument to play. In order to further explore the evolution of music 8,000 years ago, the discovery of playing bone flute in the Neolithic Jiahu site in Henan Province opened up our research on the earliest known musical scales. In chapter 3, we measure the sounds of two early Jiahu bone flutes (7000-6600 BC) and use modern music software to analyze their tonal composition. We also publish a newly discovered mid-stage bone flute M511: 4.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：J632;K875.5

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 許繼宗;喬憲春;石玉君;李月明;;從臟腑經(jīng)絡(luò)共振角度確定中國古代音樂標準音[J];黃鐘(中國.武漢音樂學(xué)院學(xué)報);2010年04期

2 方建軍;;試說周朝的黃鐘律高[J];南京藝術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報(音樂與表演版);2013年03期

本文編號：1571934