學(xué)院教育與當(dāng)代工筆畫的發(fā)展
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-27 15:00
【摘要】：工筆畫在唐宋時(shí)期已經(jīng)發(fā)展到頂峰，形成一套規(guī)范的表現(xiàn)形式，正因如此，也造成了之后“千人一面”的積弊，最終在文人畫興起后，，逐漸淡出畫壇主流，持續(xù)低潮幾百年。改革開放以來，一批學(xué)院科班出身、受過嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)素描訓(xùn)練的工筆畫家異軍突起，致力于藝術(shù)的創(chuàng)新，他們所創(chuàng)造的當(dāng)代工筆畫以嶄新的形式、成熟的技法和強(qiáng)大的活力進(jìn)入人們的視野，迅速成為中國畫壇的主流形式。通過對(duì)歷史和現(xiàn)狀的梳理，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，推動(dòng)工筆畫復(fù)興和發(fā)展的、或者說促成當(dāng)代工筆畫新面貌的很大關(guān)鍵在于美術(shù)學(xué)院的教育，而當(dāng)代工筆畫也因此帶上一種濃厚的學(xué)院味，或說是學(xué)院風(fēng)格。西方美術(shù)教育體系引進(jìn)國內(nèi)至今已有百年，期間對(duì)我國近現(xiàn)代的美術(shù)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了重要的作用，更是推動(dòng)了中國畫在近現(xiàn)代的轉(zhuǎn)型。新中國建立后，美術(shù)學(xué)院掌握了美術(shù)界話語權(quán)和絕大多數(shù)美術(shù)人才的培養(yǎng)，當(dāng)代工筆畫在這種語境中發(fā)展起來，受其影響似乎是必然的�；蛟S可以說在當(dāng)代任何文化都難免受到學(xué)院或?qū)W校教育的影響，所以“學(xué)院派”是一個(gè)普遍和流行的詞匯。但事實(shí)上美術(shù)學(xué)院之于當(dāng)代工筆畫的意義絕不僅僅是普遍性的影響這么簡單。當(dāng)代工筆畫的創(chuàng)作先鋒多是學(xué)院出身，這是一個(gè)現(xiàn)象，我們應(yīng)該透過它看到更深層的東西，簡單來說，就是學(xué)院畫家所受到的寫實(shí)主義的基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練與工筆畫傳統(tǒng)內(nèi)涵、形式、技法的成熟結(jié)合，以及作為新時(shí)代的知識(shí)分子對(duì)時(shí)代審美的把握，這才是80年代以來工筆畫成功轉(zhuǎn)型和迅速發(fā)展的主要原因。 任何一種現(xiàn)象都不會(huì)是孤立的、突然出現(xiàn)的，就如貢布里希在《藝術(shù)發(fā)展史》中說“要記住實(shí)際歷史中沒有新篇章，也沒有新開端”，再怎么嶄新的事物，只要出現(xiàn)在歷史中，總會(huì)有它的淵源所在。工筆畫在歷史上沉寂了幾百年，雖然偶有類似于任伯年這樣的大師曇花一現(xiàn)，總體的衰勢(shì)并沒有得到改變，其發(fā)展已經(jīng)被自己的范式桎梏，要想有所突破，可能必需要借助某種外力的沖擊。西方科學(xué)的寫實(shí)方法傳入中國多年，是美術(shù)學(xué)院教育教學(xué)的支柱，并在對(duì)中國畫的改造過程中、或者說在其與中國繪畫自身傳統(tǒng)的矛盾行進(jìn)中逐漸形成了一種合適的體系，特別是對(duì)人物畫的表現(xiàn)最先成熟起來，這與本身長于造型和寫實(shí)的工筆畫一拍即合，形成了工筆畫的時(shí)代新風(fēng)格。因此，雖然看起來當(dāng)代工筆畫仿佛拔地而起，可事實(shí)上這個(gè)過程仍是比較漫長和復(fù)雜的。本文以此為出發(fā)點(diǎn)分為四個(gè)章節(jié)論述：第一、二章分別對(duì)美術(shù)學(xué)院在歐洲和引入中國后的發(fā)展做追根溯源的研究，內(nèi)容論及西方美術(shù)學(xué)院和在它的背景下產(chǎn)生的寫實(shí)主義的本質(zhì)和意義，以及它們?cè)谥袊陌l(fā)展和產(chǎn)生的影響；第三章論述當(dāng)代工筆畫的“學(xué)院風(fēng)格”及其形成，主要即是工筆畫的在當(dāng)代的轉(zhuǎn)型和發(fā)展過程；第四章梳理當(dāng)代工筆畫與美術(shù)學(xué)院的關(guān)系，總結(jié)它們內(nèi)在的必然聯(lián)系。
[Abstract]:The fine brushwork has already developed to the peak in the Tang and Song dynasties, and formed a set of standard forms of expression. Because of this, it also caused the "thousands of people side" after the accumulated disadvantages, finally after the rise of literati painting, it gradually faded out of the mainstream of the painting world and lasted for hundreds of years. Since the reform and opening up to the outside world, a number of painters of fine brushwork, who have been trained in rigorous sketch drawing, have suddenly emerged and devoted themselves to the innovation of art. The contemporary meticulous brushwork they have created has taken a brand new form. Mature techniques and strong vitality into people's vision, quickly become the mainstream form of Chinese painting. Through combing through the history and the present situation, it is not difficult to find that the education of the Academy of Fine Arts is the key to promoting the revival and development of the fine brushwork, or the new face of the contemporary fine brushwork, and therefore the contemporary fine brushwork also takes on a strong collegiate flavor. Or college style. It has been a hundred years since the introduction of the western art education system, which has played an important role in the development of Chinese modern art and promoted the transformation of Chinese painting in modern times. After the establishment of New China, the Academy of Fine Arts grasped the right of speech and the cultivation of most fine arts talents. It seems inevitable that contemporary fine brushwork has developed in this context. It may be said that any contemporary culture is inevitably influenced by college or school education, so "academic school" is a popular and popular word. But in fact, the Academy of Fine Arts in the contemporary painting of the meaning of more than the impact of generality is so simple. Most of the creative pioneers of contemporary meticulous brushwork are from college. This is a phenomenon. We should see something deeper through it. In short, it is the basic training of college painters and the traditional connotation and form of meticulous brushwork. The mature combination of technique and technique, as well as the intellectuals' grasp of the times' aesthetics, are the main reasons for the successful transformation and rapid development of the fine brushwork since the 1980s. None of these phenomena will be isolated or sudden, as Gonbridge says in the History of Art, "remember that there is no new chapter or new beginning in real history," and that whatever new things appear in history, There is always its origin. Fine brushwork has been silent for hundreds of years in history. Although there are occasional masters like Ren Bonian who are short-lived, the overall decline has not changed, its development has been shackled by its own paradigm, and it wants to make a breakthrough. There may have to be some kind of external impact. The realistic method of Western science has been introduced into China for many years, which is the pillar of education and teaching in the Academy of Fine Arts, and has gradually formed a suitable system in the process of reforming Chinese painting, or in the process of its contradiction with the traditional Chinese painting itself. In particular, the performance of figure painting first mature, which is good at the shape and realism of the fine brushwork, forming a new style of the era of fine brushwork. Therefore, although it may seem as if contemporary brushwork rises from the ground, the process is in fact a long and complicated one. This article is divided into four chapters as the starting point: the first and second chapters, respectively, the development of the Academy of Fine Arts in Europe and after the introduction of China to do tracing the source of research, The content discusses the essence and significance of the Western Academy of Fine Arts and the realism produced under its background, as well as their development and influence in China. The third chapter discusses the "college style" and its formation of contemporary fine brushwork, which is mainly the transformation and development process of fine brushwork in the contemporary; the fourth chapter combs the relationship between contemporary fine brushwork and fine arts school, summarizes their internal inevitable relations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：J209.2
本文編號(hào)：2361204
[Abstract]:The fine brushwork has already developed to the peak in the Tang and Song dynasties, and formed a set of standard forms of expression. Because of this, it also caused the "thousands of people side" after the accumulated disadvantages, finally after the rise of literati painting, it gradually faded out of the mainstream of the painting world and lasted for hundreds of years. Since the reform and opening up to the outside world, a number of painters of fine brushwork, who have been trained in rigorous sketch drawing, have suddenly emerged and devoted themselves to the innovation of art. The contemporary meticulous brushwork they have created has taken a brand new form. Mature techniques and strong vitality into people's vision, quickly become the mainstream form of Chinese painting. Through combing through the history and the present situation, it is not difficult to find that the education of the Academy of Fine Arts is the key to promoting the revival and development of the fine brushwork, or the new face of the contemporary fine brushwork, and therefore the contemporary fine brushwork also takes on a strong collegiate flavor. Or college style. It has been a hundred years since the introduction of the western art education system, which has played an important role in the development of Chinese modern art and promoted the transformation of Chinese painting in modern times. After the establishment of New China, the Academy of Fine Arts grasped the right of speech and the cultivation of most fine arts talents. It seems inevitable that contemporary fine brushwork has developed in this context. It may be said that any contemporary culture is inevitably influenced by college or school education, so "academic school" is a popular and popular word. But in fact, the Academy of Fine Arts in the contemporary painting of the meaning of more than the impact of generality is so simple. Most of the creative pioneers of contemporary meticulous brushwork are from college. This is a phenomenon. We should see something deeper through it. In short, it is the basic training of college painters and the traditional connotation and form of meticulous brushwork. The mature combination of technique and technique, as well as the intellectuals' grasp of the times' aesthetics, are the main reasons for the successful transformation and rapid development of the fine brushwork since the 1980s. None of these phenomena will be isolated or sudden, as Gonbridge says in the History of Art, "remember that there is no new chapter or new beginning in real history," and that whatever new things appear in history, There is always its origin. Fine brushwork has been silent for hundreds of years in history. Although there are occasional masters like Ren Bonian who are short-lived, the overall decline has not changed, its development has been shackled by its own paradigm, and it wants to make a breakthrough. There may have to be some kind of external impact. The realistic method of Western science has been introduced into China for many years, which is the pillar of education and teaching in the Academy of Fine Arts, and has gradually formed a suitable system in the process of reforming Chinese painting, or in the process of its contradiction with the traditional Chinese painting itself. In particular, the performance of figure painting first mature, which is good at the shape and realism of the fine brushwork, forming a new style of the era of fine brushwork. Therefore, although it may seem as if contemporary brushwork rises from the ground, the process is in fact a long and complicated one. This article is divided into four chapters as the starting point: the first and second chapters, respectively, the development of the Academy of Fine Arts in Europe and after the introduction of China to do tracing the source of research, The content discusses the essence and significance of the Western Academy of Fine Arts and the realism produced under its background, as well as their development and influence in China. The third chapter discusses the "college style" and its formation of contemporary fine brushwork, which is mainly the transformation and development process of fine brushwork in the contemporary; the fourth chapter combs the relationship between contemporary fine brushwork and fine arts school, summarizes their internal inevitable relations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：J209.2
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