本文選題：形象學(xué) + 華人形象　； 參考：《北京外國語大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：從文化角度考察華人形象在歐美的演變,在學(xué)術(shù)界是個(gè)備受關(guān)注的課題。從總體上看,在20世紀(jì)前歐美社會(huì)中的華人形象呈現(xiàn)了一個(gè)由褒到貶的軌跡,從20世紀(jì)70年代開始,華人形象呈現(xiàn)出改善趨勢(shì)。本文試圖通過對(duì)20世紀(jì)70年代美國漫畫中的傅滿洲家族為例來考察這一時(shí)期的華人形象,并從形象學(xué)、心理學(xué)、政治問題等方面對(duì)其形象的變遷展開分析和解讀。傅滿洲和梵洛蘇父女二人的形象最初誕生于20世紀(jì)初薩克斯·羅默的小說中,其形象反映了在"黃禍論"思潮影響下當(dāng)時(shí)西方社會(huì)對(duì)華人的偏見和恐懼:傅滿洲本人是黃禍思想的集大成者,而梵洛蘇體現(xiàn)了當(dāng)時(shí)西方男性對(duì)中國女性的想象的代表人物——美麗危險(xiǎn)的蛇蝎女人形象——也是黃禍論的另一種表現(xiàn)形式。上氣作為誕生于70年代的模范華人,代表了當(dāng)時(shí)人們對(duì)華人的新認(rèn)識(shí)和要求。通過分析傅滿洲和梵洛蘇二人形象的演變,以及其與上氣的對(duì)比,可以看出,在70年代的美國人眼中,美國漫畫中的華人形象與之前相比有了明顯的進(jìn)步和發(fā)展。漫畫中的傅滿洲雖然較大程度地保留了原作小說中的邪惡特征,但對(duì)其威脅性進(jìn)行了弱化。小說中的傅滿洲是一個(gè)象征性的人物,象征著在當(dāng)時(shí)西方人的心目中,來自東方的威脅像幽靈一樣驅(qū)之不散;漫畫中更多地賦予了傅滿洲個(gè)性化的人的特色,特別是他的衰老、軟弱和死亡,以及漫畫最后對(duì)其的態(tài)度體現(xiàn)了 70年代西方人對(duì)黃種人種族歧視的態(tài)度的緩和與轉(zhuǎn)變。梵洛蘇形象在漫畫中的轉(zhuǎn)變,與吳蕾柯形象一起共同體現(xiàn)了西方男性對(duì)東方女性的認(rèn)識(shí)的進(jìn)步。首先在穿著和外貌上不再刻意強(qiáng)調(diào)種族特點(diǎn)和民族特點(diǎn),減少了獵奇心理,讓兩位中國女性在外貌和穿著上與西方白人婦女別無二致。其次是在人物塑造上,賦予了女性角色多樣化的性格特點(diǎn)和層次,與原著小說中梵洛蘇的扁平化的人物形象迥異。小說中的傅滿洲和梵洛蘇兩個(gè)人物形象屬于"黃禍"思想的一體兩面。傅滿洲的弱化和徹底死亡,加上梵洛蘇的正面轉(zhuǎn)化,說明當(dāng)時(shí)的美國人已經(jīng)不再盲目地?cái)骋暫统鹨朁S種人,而是進(jìn)行有選擇的區(qū)別對(duì)待。這種選擇性在上氣身上得到集中展示。上氣作為一個(gè)黃種人能在西方社會(huì)獲得普遍承認(rèn)和認(rèn)可,說明他完美符合西方人對(duì)華人的要求,那就是身為一個(gè)中國人卻應(yīng)該全心全力為西方政府服務(wù),思想上要反對(duì)共產(chǎn)主義。只要能做到這些,西方人也可以接受黃種人。盡管上氣的形象在不斷進(jìn)化,但他身上異國情調(diào)的神異色彩卻始終沒有完全褪去,西方人并未完全停止用獵奇的眼光看待東方文化。傅滿洲和梵洛蘇形象的變化,以及上氣形象的塑造均說明,到了 70年代西方人對(duì)中國的態(tài)度與之前相比發(fā)生了顯著的改變,反共思想成為主流,已經(jīng)明確將共產(chǎn)主義政府和傳統(tǒng)意義上的中國進(jìn)行區(qū)別對(duì)待,不再強(qiáng)調(diào)"白種人優(yōu)于黃種人"的理論,而以意識(shí)形態(tài)立場作為判斷是非的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。同時(shí),隨著西方人對(duì)中國的進(jìn)一步了解,西方媒體對(duì)中國人的描繪,雖然沒有也不可能全然擺脫獵奇意識(shí),但原有的刻板印象已經(jīng)逐步開始松動(dòng),塑造的華人形象趨于立體化和多樣性,這種趨勢(shì)一直延續(xù)至今,使得美國漫畫中的華人形象越來越豐富多彩。
[Abstract]:On the image of the Chinese in Europe and the evolution from the perspective of culture, in the academic circles is a topic of concern. On the whole, in twentieth Century the Chinese images in the western world presents a commendatory derogatory to the track, from the beginning of 1970s, the Chinese image showing a trend of improvement. This paper attempts to the United States in 1970s in the comic book the Fu Manzhou family as an example to study this period of Chinese image, and from the image of science, psychology, political issues such as the change of their image analysis and interpretation. Fu Manzhou and Fanluosu daughter of two image was originally born in early twentieth Century Sax Romer's novel, the image reflects the "the Yellow periltheory" thought under the influence of the western society of Chinese prejudice and fear that Fu Manzhou himself is a master of the peril of thought, and Fanluosu reflected the male to female to Western Chinese As the representative of a beautiful woman image and dangerous a yellow peril another form of Chinese model. As the gas was born on 70s, on behalf of the people of new knowledge and requirements. Through the analysis of Chinese Fu Manchuria and Fanluosu two image change, and contrast it with the gas. We can see that in 70s the Americans, the United States in the cartoon image of the Chinese compared with before have obvious progress and development in the comic book Fu Manzhou. Although largely retain the evil feature of the original novel, but the threat was weakened. Fu Manzhou in the novel is a symbolic figure, symbol at the time of the westerners, the threat from the East like a ghost of displacement; cartoon to give Fu Manzhou a more personalized characteristic of a person, especially in his old, weak and Death, and finally embodies the comic detente with the 70s changes of Westerners on the Yellow attitude of racial discrimination on the attitude. Fanluosu image changes in the comics, together with the image of Wu Leike reflects the Western male understanding of Oriental women's progress. First in dress and appearance not deliberately emphasize the ethnic characteristics and ethnic characteristics that reduces the curiosity, let two China women in appearance and dress with western white women. Second is identical in character, given the character and level of female role diversification, and Fanluosu original novel flat characters are different. One of the two sides in the novels of Fu Manzhou and Fanluosu two characters the image belongs to the "Yellow Peril". Fu Manzhou's thought of weakening and thorough death, positive transformation and Fanluosu, indicating that the Americans are no longer blind The purpose of hostility and hatred of the yellow people, but is the difference between the choice of treatment. The selectivity in gas got showcase. On the gas as a yellow man can be widely acknowledged and recognized in the western society, that he is perfectly fit the Westerners to Chinese demands. It is as a Chinese but should dedicated to the western government service, thought to oppose communism. As long as you can do these, Westerners can also accept the yellow race. Despite the image of gas continues to evolve, but his exotic miraculous color has not completely faded, the West did not completely stop at Oriental culture with curious eyes. The change of Fu Manzhou and Fanluosu image, and the image of the shape of gas are that by 70s China Westerners on the attitude and prior to the occurrence of a significant change, anti communist ideology has become the main stream, Has made it clear to the Communist government and the traditional sense of Chinese differently, no longer stressed that "white than yellow" theory, and ideological stance as the judgment is not standard. At the same time, with the further understanding of the western Chinese, Western media of Chinese portrayed, although could not completely get rid of Adventures of consciousness, but the original stereotype has gradually began to loosen, shaping the image of the Chinese more and more three-dimensional and diversity, this trend continues, the United States in the cartoon image of the Chinese more and more rich and colorful.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I712.074;J218.2

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本文編號(hào)：1744359