本文選題：明代　切入點：寫意花鳥畫　出處：《江蘇師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：明代是中國美術(shù)發(fā)展史上的重要的時期,山水、花鳥、人物全面發(fā)展,繪畫風(fēng)貌也有所創(chuàng)新。明代繪畫大致可以分為早、中、晚三個階段,這三個階段既互相聯(lián)系又有所區(qū)別。就寫意花鳥而言,其發(fā)展有著較為明顯階段性,各個階段的風(fēng)格也有著較大的差異。本文宏觀闡述了寫意花鳥畫不同階段的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格,并以各階段具有代表性的畫家作品為例,重點分析畫家的創(chuàng)作意圖、題材、技法等方面的變異情況,這些方面的變異又影響了與之息息相關(guān)的審美意境:明代初期的花鳥畫主流在宮廷,其沿襲了宋代宮廷院體的風(fēng)格,但也呈現(xiàn)出不同于宋代繪畫的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。早期繪畫風(fēng)格樣式混雜多樣,審美意趣在富麗堂皇的院體意識中又滲入了開國統(tǒng)治者的豪邁情懷,呈現(xiàn)出剛健清新的時代新氣象。中期寫意花鳥畫的轉(zhuǎn)變主要以“吳門畫派”為代表,其在簡逸清雅的文人花鳥畫中融入了市民的世俗情懷,雅俗共賞,這一時期的寫意花鳥繪畫從孤芳清高的經(jīng)典走向大眾化、世俗化的趨勢。到了晚期,花鳥畫中的情緒抒寫因素加強(qiáng),以徐渭為代表的大寫意畫風(fēng)不拘于規(guī)矩成法,追求個性解放的思想順應(yīng)時代潮流而生,并在畫壇占據(jù)了強(qiáng)勢的主流地位。任何事物的發(fā)生發(fā)展都有其特定的歷史、人文環(huán)境以及自然環(huán)境,明代的寫意花鳥畫藝術(shù)風(fēng)格階段性變異受到多種因素的影響和制約,既受到統(tǒng)治者專制統(tǒng)治的制約,又受當(dāng)時文學(xué)、哲學(xué)思潮的影響,在花鳥畫沿著自身的發(fā)展規(guī)律前進(jìn)時,經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮和“書法入畫”又進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)了花鳥畫的變異。這種種原因在各個階段影響大小主次不同而已。當(dāng)然,畫家們追奇求新的意識,也在各種主客觀因素的作用下一步步推動新的水墨寫意畫風(fēng)的成熟。
[Abstract]:The Ming Dynasty was an important period in the history of the development of Chinese fine arts, with the overall development of landscape, flowers and birds, and the overall development of characters, as well as some innovations in painting style. The painting of the Ming Dynasty can be roughly divided into three stages: early, middle and late. These three stages are related and different from each other. As far as freehand brushwork flowers and birds are concerned, their development has obvious stages, and the styles of each stage are also quite different. This paper expounds the artistic styles of the different stages of freehand brushwork flower-and-bird painting. Taking the representative works of painters in various stages as an example, the paper focuses on analyzing the variation of artists' creative intention, subject matter, techniques and so on. The variation of these aspects affected the aesthetic conception closely related to it: the mainstream of flower and bird painting in the early Ming Dynasty was in the court, which followed the style of the court of the Song Dynasty. But it also showed a different artistic style from the painting of the Song Dynasty. The early painting styles were mixed and varied, and aesthetic interest permeated the heroic feelings of the founding rulers in the magnificent sense of the courtyard style. The change of the mid-period freehand brushwork is mainly represented by the "Wu Men painting School", which integrates the common feelings of the citizens in the simple and elegant literati flowers and birds paintings, and enjoys the elegance and common appreciation of the people. In this period, the freehand brushwork painting of flowers and birds moved from the classical to the popularization and the trend of secularization. In the late period, the emotional expression factors in the flower-and-bird paintings were strengthened, and Xu Wei's style of large freehand brushwork was not restricted to the rules. The thought of pursuing personality liberation is born in accordance with the trend of the times, and occupies a strong mainstream position in the painting world. The occurrence and development of anything has its own specific history, humanistic environment and natural environment. The artistic style variation of freehand brushwork and bird painting in Ming Dynasty was influenced and restricted by many factors, not only by the autocratic rule of the ruler, but also by the literary and philosophical trend of thought at that time, while the flower-and-bird painting was advancing along its own development law. The prosperity of the economy and the "calligraphy and painting" have further promoted the variation of the flower-and-bird painting. All these reasons have influenced the major and secondary aspects of each stage. Of course, the painters' consciousness of seeking novelty in pursuit of wonder, Also in a variety of subjective and objective factors under the role of a step by step to promote the new style of freehand ink painting mature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：J212

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