本文關(guān)鍵詞： 水陸法會(huì) 水陸畫(huà) 甘露幀 形制 圖像　出處：《南京藝術(shù)學(xué)院》2013年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：佛教第一次傳入到中原漢地是在東漢初年,從印度或西域來(lái)的僧侶為了傳播佛教,利用當(dāng)時(shí)漢地流行的黃老思想、方術(shù)等,并且融合了佛教所排斥的印度婆羅門(mén)教或者其它原始宗教所使用的咒語(yǔ)。當(dāng)時(shí)的人們接受佛教,把其當(dāng)作求�；驌鯙�(zāi)的手段,與黃老并存。至東漢末年,佛教逐漸開(kāi)始影響到社會(huì)各個(gè)階層。南北朝時(shí)期,蕭梁武帝首次舉行水陸法會(huì)。 水陸法會(huì)所使用的佛畫(huà)稱(chēng)為水陸畫(huà),通常在修設(shè)法會(huì)時(shí)掛在法堂,或是以壁畫(huà)形式繪于寺廟內(nèi)的水陸殿。在韓國(guó)的水陸法會(huì)中使用的佛畫(huà)稱(chēng)為甘露幀。中國(guó)現(xiàn)存水陸畫(huà)的形式有卷軸水陸畫(huà)、水陸壁畫(huà)、水陸版畫(huà)等。在中國(guó),佛教活動(dòng)往往得到政府支持,并且佛教信仰也是社會(huì)宗教信仰的主流,在民間廣為流行,可以得到來(lái)自官方和民間的財(cái)力支持,在這樣的背景下,有著大量的佛事活動(dòng),以至于出現(xiàn)將水陸畫(huà)內(nèi)容固定下來(lái)方便修設(shè)水陸法會(huì)儀式的水陸堂,將水陸畫(huà)繪制到法堂墻壁之上,得以保存至今。甘露幀畫(huà)從朝鮮時(shí)代中期以后開(kāi)始出現(xiàn),在薦度亡魂的四十九齋、水陸齋、豫修齋、盂蘭盆齋等法會(huì)中使用,為修齋儀式上用的佛畫(huà)。韓國(guó)寺廟的法堂內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)分成上段、中段、下段,又分為正面、左右,其中甘露幀畫(huà)為置于下端的佛畫(huà),它與供奉佛、菩薩的普通佛畫(huà)不一樣,描繪了薦度對(duì)象的老百姓生活。甘露幀的構(gòu)圖整體上分為三段,畫(huà)面上半部分描繪各色的佛、菩薩像；中間部分有僧侶給餓鬼舉辦施食儀式、作法等；最下部分有薦度對(duì)象的六道眾生場(chǎng)景。中韓水陸畫(huà)一脈相承,盡管是從中國(guó)傳入韓國(guó),但是由于政治、社會(huì)、人文、風(fēng)俗、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面的影響,使得韓國(guó)甘露幀在形制、樣式、內(nèi)容、風(fēng)格上與中國(guó)水陸畫(huà)既有聯(lián)系又有區(qū)別。
[Abstract]:Buddhism was first introduced to the Central Plains in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In order to spread Buddhism, monks from India or the Western regions made use of the Huang Lao thought and Fang Shu, which were popular in the Han Dynasty at that time. And combined with the mantra of the Hindu Brahmins or other primitive religions rejected by Buddhism. At that time, people accepted Buddhism as a means of seeking blessing or preventing disasters, coexisting with Huang Lao. Until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Buddhism gradually began to affect all social strata. During the Northern and Southern dynasties, Emperor Xiao Liang Wu held the first Land and Water Law Society. The Buddha paintings used by the Land and Water Law Society are called water and land paintings, and are usually hung in the Dharma during meditation. Or in the form of murals painted in the temple's land and water halls. The Buddha paintings used in the South Korean Water and Land Law Society are called mannose frames. The existing forms of Chinese waterfront paintings include scroll paintings, water and land murals, land and water prints, and so on. In China, Buddhist activities are often supported by the government, and Buddhist beliefs are also the mainstream of social religious beliefs. They are popular among the people and can receive financial support from both the government and the people. In this context, there are a large number of Buddhist activities. So much so that there is a water and land hall where the contents of the water and land paintings can be fixed to facilitate the ceremony of the water and land laws, and the water and land paintings are painted on the walls of the church, which has been preserved until now. The mannose frame paintings began to appear after the middle period of the Korean era. Used in the 49 Zhai, Suilu Zhai, Yuxiu Zhai, Yonlan Pang Zhai, etc. The Buddhist paintings used in the ritual of practicing Zhai are divided into the upper section, the middle section, and the lower section of the Buddhist temple in South Korea, which are also divided into the front, the left and the right. Among them, the manlu frame painting is a Buddha painting placed at the lower end, which is different from the ordinary Buddha painting of Buddha worship and Bodhisattva. The composition of the manlu frame is divided into three sections as a whole, and the half part of the picture depicts the Buddha and bodhisattva statues of various colors; In the middle there are monks holding food giving ceremonies and practices to hungry ghosts; at the bottom there are six scenes of sentient beings with recommended objects. Chinese and South Korean waterfront paintings are of the same lineage, although they were introduced from China to South Korea, but because of politics, society, humanities, and customs, The influence of economy makes Korean mannose frame have relation and difference with Chinese waterfront painting in shape, style, content and style.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京藝術(shù)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：J205

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