【摘要】：為了了解里駱林場森林景觀格局現(xiàn)狀,科學指導林場森林經(jīng)營與管理,本文以SPOT5遙感影像,以及野外調(diào)查資料為數(shù)據(jù)源,在遙感、地理信息系統(tǒng)及FRAGSTATS等軟件的支持下,應用景觀空間格局理論和方法,對廣西里駱林場進行了森林景觀分類。利用斑塊大小、多樣性指數(shù)、形狀指數(shù)、優(yōu)勢度、分維數(shù)、破碎度等指標分析了里駱林場森林景觀格局的現(xiàn)狀,并分析森林景觀隨地形分異特征,針對存在的問題對林場景觀經(jīng)營提出對策。主要研究結(jié)果如下：①在利用地面調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)和SPOT5遙感影像的基礎上,利用遙感分類技術及森林景觀類型劃分的標準和依據(jù),將里駱林場森林景觀劃分為7類景觀要素,分別為杉木林、闊葉林、松樹林、竹林、灌木林、其他林地和非林地。構(gòu)成森林景觀的主體為杉木林、闊葉林和灌木林,其中杉木林的斑塊面積、斑塊數(shù)和周長在整個景觀組分中占有顯著地位。闊葉林林斑塊密度比值很大,為3.0508,景觀破碎化程度比較高,景觀異質(zhì)性較強,受人為干擾嚴重。竹林的景觀破碎度較低,說明受人類活動干擾小。灌木林的形狀指數(shù)和分維數(shù)較低,景觀形狀比較規(guī)則單一,這是由于灌木林種國家特別規(guī)定灌木林地(經(jīng)濟林)占主導地位,受到人類有意識的干擾作用,使得景觀破碎化程度降低。研究區(qū)總體景觀異質(zhì)性較強,香農(nóng)多樣性指數(shù)為(SHDI)為1.3501,香農(nóng)均勻度指數(shù)(SHEI)為0.6938,景觀優(yōu)勢度為0.5872,說明里駱林場景觀類型豐富度較低,多樣性不高,各景觀類型所占比例差別大,存在一定的優(yōu)勢類型。②里駱林場景觀格局隨地形分異特征明顯。森林景觀類型隨著高程的變化,呈現(xiàn)出明顯的垂直分異。200m以下和900m以上各種森林景觀類型都比較少,主要分布在400m-800m區(qū)間,占總面積的近75%,林區(qū)相對高差1001.5米。坡度分異也反映林場坡度較為陡峭,林區(qū)存在著較多的高山、懸崖、深谷。在20。-25°區(qū)間坡度級出現(xiàn)最大峰值,林場森林景觀類型多分布在15。-35。區(qū)間,占總面積近70%；坡向分異相比較前兩個地形因素而言則表現(xiàn)為均勻分布,坡向差異不明顯,因林場兩邊山體呈對稱分布造成。林場主要森林景觀類型占各自總面積的比例隨海拔帶上升的分布曲線均為單一峰值。③本文結(jié)合里駱林場景觀格局現(xiàn)狀,以景觀生態(tài)學理論為指導,依據(jù)景觀經(jīng)營與管理的主要理論依據(jù),從景觀的水平結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、景觀的破碎化與多樣性管理等方面提出相應的對策與方法。林場景觀格局優(yōu)化遵循自然優(yōu)先,因地制宜以達到生態(tài)、社會和經(jīng)濟效益綜合最大化的基本原則。針對林分結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化提出了“裁針保闊增混”的方法以增強森林景觀的穩(wěn)定性；闊葉林、杉木林作為森林的優(yōu)勢景觀,斑塊破碎化程度較高,通過構(gòu)建生態(tài)走廊的方法能有效降低景觀的破碎化程度；里駱林場森林景觀多樣性指數(shù)為1.35,多樣性不高,物種豐富度較低,這與杉木人工林占景觀面積的絕大部分密不可分,因此合理規(guī)劃人工林是增強景觀多樣性的關鍵。
[Abstract]:In ord to understand that present situation of the forest landscape pattern in the central forest farm, and to guide the forest management and management of the forest farm, this paper, by using the SPOT5 remote sensing image and the field survey data as the data source, applies the landscape space pattern theory and method under the support of the software such as remote sensing, GIS and FRAGATS. The forest landscape classification was carried out in the forest farm in the county of Guangxi. The present situation of forest landscape pattern in the forest farm is analyzed by using the indexes such as patch size, diversity index, shape index, dominance, fractal dimension and fragmentation degree. The main research results are as follows: On the basis of the ground survey data and the SPOT5 remote sensing image, the forest landscape is divided into seven types of landscape elements by using the remote sensing classification technology and the forest landscape type classification, which are the Chinese fir forest, the broad-leaved forest and the pine forest, respectively. Bamboo forest, deciduous forest, other forest land and non-forest land. The main body of the forest landscape is the Chinese fir forest, the broad-leaved forest and the deciduous forest, in which the patch area, the plaque number and the circumference of the Chinese fir forest have a prominent place in the whole landscape component. The density ratio of the forest patch in the broad-leaved forest is very large, it is 3.0508, the degree of landscape fragmentation is high, the landscape heterogeneity is strong, and the artificial interference is serious. The landscape fragmentation of the bamboo forest is low, which indicates that the interference of the human activity is small. The shape index and fractal dimension of the forest are lower, and the shape of the landscape is relatively simple. This is because of the dominant position of the forest land (economic forest) in the forest-type countries, and is subject to the human's conscious interference, so that the degree of fragmentation of the landscape is reduced. The overall landscape heterogeneity of the study area is strong, the Shannon diversity index (SHI) is 1.3501, the Shannon uniformity index (SHEI) is 0.6938, and the landscape dominance is 0.5872, which indicates that the landscape type of the Rili Forest Farm is low, the diversity is not high, the proportion of each landscape type is large, There is a certain advantage type. The landscape pattern of the forest farm is obvious with the characteristics of the terrain. With the change of the elevation, the type of forest landscape presents a clear vertical differentiation. The types of forest landscape with less than 200m and more than 900m are less, mainly distributed in the area of 400m-800m, accounting for nearly 75% of the total area, and the relative height difference of the forest area is 1001.5m. The slope differentiation also reflects the steep slope of the forest farm, and there are more mountains, cliffs and deep valleys in the forest area. The maximum peak in the 20-25 擄 section slope stage, and the forest landscape type of the forest farm is more than 15-35. The interval, which accounts for nearly 70% of the total area, is evenly distributed in the first two topographic factors before the slope is divided out of phase, and the difference between the slope and the slope is not obvious, which is caused by the symmetrical distribution of the mountains on both sides of the forest farm. The main forest landscape types of the forest farm account for the proportion of the total area and the distribution curve with the rise of the altitude belt is a single peak. In the light of the present situation of the landscape pattern of the Rili Forest Farm, the author puts forward corresponding countermeasures and methods from the aspects of the horizontal structure optimization of the landscape, the fragmentation of the landscape and the management of the diversity according to the main theoretical basis of the landscape management and management. The optimization of the landscape pattern of the forest farm is based on the natural priority, and the basic principle of the comprehensive maximization of the ecological, social and economic benefits is achieved according to the local conditions. The "cutting the needle and protecting the skin and increasing the mixing ratio" method is put forward to improve the stability of forest landscape for stand structure optimization, and the forest and Chinese fir forest are the dominant landscape of the forest, and the degree of fragmentation of the plaque is high. The forest landscape diversity index of the Rili Forest Farm is 1.35, the diversity is not high, the species richness is low, which is closely related to the large part of the landscape area of the Chinese fir plantation, so the rational planning of the artificial forest is the key to enhance the landscape diversity.
【學位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S718.5;S750

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