發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-19 17:06

【摘要】：提高生境管理,是生物防治的一種有效途徑。為探究不同冬種作物對(duì)來(lái)年早稻田節(jié)肢動(dòng)物群落結(jié)構(gòu)和動(dòng)態(tài)以及生物防控效果的影響,我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)微景觀模型,選擇了三種當(dāng)?shù)刂饕魑?紫云英、油菜、大蒜)與水稻輪作,以冬閑田為對(duì)照,共設(shè)四個(gè)處理。以期為冬季生境管理和生物防治提供理論基礎(chǔ),為農(nóng)業(yè)景觀設(shè)計(jì)和冬季作物品種的選擇提供理論參考。通過(guò)系統(tǒng)調(diào)查,共調(diào)查到節(jié)肢動(dòng)物101種,隸屬于9目48科,總個(gè)體數(shù)22999。整個(gè)稻田生境節(jié)肢動(dòng)物群落主要以節(jié)肢動(dòng)物天敵和中性昆蟲(chóng)為主。冬種紫云英和油菜田節(jié)肢動(dòng)物群落的種類(lèi)、數(shù)量和豐富度水平最高。在冬季,隨著天氣變冷,氣候惡化,冬閑田和大蒜田節(jié)肢動(dòng)物群落種類(lèi)和數(shù)量持續(xù)減少,于1月底達(dá)到最低值。而冬種紫云英、油菜田由于給節(jié)肢動(dòng)物提供了較好的棲息場(chǎng)所或避難所,保證了冬季越冬節(jié)肢動(dòng)物的種群豐盛度,在天氣最冷,氣候最?lèi)毫拥臅r(shí)期節(jié)肢動(dòng)物群落豐富度和多樣性指數(shù)沒(méi)有降低。中性昆蟲(chóng)數(shù)量及豐盛度在冬種期和早稻期冬種田均高與冬閑田。說(shuō)明冬季種植冬種作物(主要為紫云英和油菜)對(duì)冬季以及來(lái)年早稻田天敵和中性昆蟲(chóng)種群的保護(hù)作用較大。在冬種作物期,冬閑田害蟲(chóng)的物種數(shù)、物種豐富度和多樣性指數(shù)最高。冬種紫云英和油菜田天敵的物種數(shù)、物種豐富多樣性最高,群落穩(wěn)定性最好。早稻期,冬種紫云英田害蟲(chóng)的種類(lèi)和豐富度高于冬閑田,大蒜田最低。冬閑田害蟲(chóng)多樣性指數(shù)和均勻度最高,紫云英田最小。天敵的物種數(shù)、豐富度、多樣性指數(shù)和均勻度冬種紫云英和油菜田最高,大蒜田最低。說(shuō)明種植紫云英和油菜能提高冬季和早稻田天敵種群的豐盛度,并對(duì)害蟲(chóng)種群沒(méi)有增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)。來(lái)年早稻期,冬閑田二化螟和稻縱卷葉螟的百株蟲(chóng)株率最高,均高于其他冬種田。其中油菜田二化螟百株蟲(chóng)株率最低,紫云英田稻縱卷葉螟百株蟲(chóng)株率最低。在二化螟和稻縱卷葉螟為害高峰期,冬閑田內(nèi)百株蟲(chóng)株率最高,為害最嚴(yán)重。整個(gè)稻田生境內(nèi)害蟲(chóng)和天敵的種群消長(zhǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)有較為明顯的跟隨現(xiàn)象。在冬種期和早稻期,冬種田內(nèi)節(jié)肢動(dòng)物群落特征指數(shù)益害比大體情況為紫云英田最高,其次是油菜田,冬閑田最低。說(shuō)明在稻田生境內(nèi),天敵對(duì)害蟲(chóng)具有較好的防控作用,冬種紫云英和油菜能增加生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性,對(duì)靶標(biāo)害蟲(chóng)的調(diào)控作用較好,而冬種大蒜和冬閑田相比并沒(méi)有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)。綜合來(lái)看,紫云英更適合作為一種冬種作物被種植,其次是油菜。
[Abstract]:Improving habitat management is an effective way of biological control. In order to investigate the effects of different winter crops on the structure and dynamics of arthropod communities and biological control effects in early rice fields in the coming year, we designed a microlandscape model and selected three main local crops (Zyunxianling, rapeseed). Garlic) was rotated with rice, and four treatments were set up in comparison with winter idle field. In order to provide theoretical basis for winter habitat management and biological control, provide theoretical reference for agricultural landscape design and winter crop variety selection. Through systematic investigation, 101 species of arthropods, belonging to 9 orders and 48 families, were investigated, and the total number of individuals was 2299999. The arthropod community in the whole paddy field was mainly composed of natural enemies of arthropods and neutral insects. The species, quantity and richness of arthropod communities in winter and rapeseed fields were the highest. In winter, with the weather getting colder and the climate getting worse, the species and quantity of arthropod community in winter idle field and garlic field decreased continuously, and reached the lowest value at the end of January. The winter species of Ziyunying and rapeseed fields provide a better habitat or shelter for arthropods, which ensures the abundance of winter arthropods, and is the coldest in the weather. The richness and diversity index of arthropod community did not decrease during the worst climate. The number and abundance of neutral insects were higher in winter and early rice fields than in winter idle fields. It is concluded that winter crops (mainly Astragalus chinensis and rapeseed) can protect natural enemies and neutral insect populations in winter and early rice fields in the coming year. In winter crop growing period, the species number, species richness and diversity index of pests in winter idle field were the highest. The species number of natural enemies in winter species and rape field is the highest, and the community stability is the best. In early rice stage, the species and richness of insect pests in winter planting Ziyunying field were higher than that in winter idle field, and garlic field was the lowest. The pest diversity index and evenness were the highest in winter idle field and the lowest in Ziyunying field. The species number, richness, diversity index and evenness of natural enemies were the highest in winter and rape fields, and the lowest in garlic fields. The results showed that planting Acanthopsis chinensis and Brassica napus could increase the abundance of natural enemy population in winter and early rice field and had no tendency to increase the population of insect pests. In the early rice stage of next year, the percentage of 100 plants of Chilo suppressalis and Rice leaf roller in winter idle field was the highest, which was higher than that in other winter fields. Among them, 100 strains of rice stem borer were the lowest in rape field and the lowest in Ziyunying field. In the peak period of rice leaf roller and stem borer, the rate of 100 plants in winter idle field was the highest and the damage was the most serious. The population dynamics of pest and natural enemy in the whole paddy field were obviously following. In winter and early rice season, the benefit to damage ratio of arthropod community in winter field was the highest in Ziyunying field, followed by rapeseed field and winter idle field. The results showed that in the field of rice field, the hostile insect pests had better control and control effects, and winter planting of Asylla and rapeseed could increase the stability of ecosystem structure, and control the target pests better. The winter garlic and winter field compared with no obvious advantage. In general, Ziyunying is more suitable to be planted as a winter crop, followed by rape.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S435.11;S476

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