橫流式復(fù)合生物濾池對(duì)高氮景觀水體凈化效能的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-19 06:33
【摘要】：隨著景觀水體越來(lái)越受到大眾生活的青睞,然而中國(guó)水資源一直處于短缺狀態(tài),尤其是北方城市由于降水資源以及河湖較少,故其景觀水體的補(bǔ)水資源自然一直困擾著城市建設(shè)。城市污水廠尾水作為景觀水體重要的補(bǔ)充水源之一,但是污水廠尾水存在氮、磷等營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽濃度超標(biāo),易造成水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化;濁度過(guò)大,影響景觀水體的美學(xué)價(jià)值;尾水中存在致病細(xì)菌病毒,對(duì)于具有一定暴露量的景觀水體,危害到人體的健康;因此需要尋找符合我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段發(fā)展并且與景觀環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)一致的新型處理工藝,使得污水廠尾水達(dá)到景觀水體的補(bǔ)水要求。本研究中根據(jù)研究區(qū)內(nèi)高氮尾水補(bǔ)充濕地公園的條件,采用橫流式復(fù)合生物濾池。通過(guò)對(duì)橫流式復(fù)合生物濾池進(jìn)行為期一年的監(jiān)測(cè),該濾池對(duì)進(jìn)水各個(gè)主要污染物均有著較為良好的凈化效果;TN、TP、SS和COD的去除率分別為33.14%、19.07%、58.58%和28.82%;與此同時(shí)研究不同溫度、不同有機(jī)物負(fù)荷條件下處理效果的變化;分析沿程中污染物去除的規(guī)律;由于進(jìn)水為高氮水體,故分析氮素在橫流式復(fù)合生物濾池中的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律以及C/N比對(duì)除氮的影響;對(duì)出水回用于景觀水體從人體健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、感官指標(biāo)和富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行回用評(píng)價(jià),研究結(jié)果表明:(1)不同溫度條件下,TN在一年四季內(nèi)的平均去除率分別為29.9%、43.3%、20.1%、9.37%;NO_3-N在一年四季內(nèi)的平均去除率分別為28.1%、45.1%、12.5%、3.0%;COD在一年四季內(nèi)的平均去除率分別為26.5%、33.4%、23.9%、15.2%;SS在一年四季內(nèi)的平均去除率分別為54.3%、63.9%、30.9%、26.7%;表明溫度是影響污染物去除效果的重要因素。(2)沿程處理過(guò)程中,TN在前后兩段火山巖填料區(qū)去除率分別為22.95%和22.74%;前段火山巖填料區(qū)NO_3-N的去除率為25.57%,占到NO_3-N的去除率(57.80%)的一半;COD的去除主要在濾池前端火山巖填料區(qū)到濾池中段的礫石區(qū)的中間,到1中COD的去除率為32.12%,其中火山巖填料區(qū)COD的去除率為16.33%;SS在濾池兩端的火山巖填料段去除顯著,其中濾池前端的火山巖填料區(qū)SS去除率為41.56%,后端的火山巖填料區(qū)為24.17%。(3)有機(jī)負(fù)荷增加時(shí),TN去除率先升高后降低,有機(jī)負(fù)荷為27.43kg/d時(shí),TN去除率最高達(dá)到75.53%;NO_3-N去除率大體上為增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì);有機(jī)負(fù)荷在30.42kg/d時(shí)NO_3-N去除率為最高達(dá)到97.49%;COD去除率緩慢下降(由52.4%下降到12%)。當(dāng)有機(jī)負(fù)荷為33kg/d時(shí),出水中懸浮物含量增加,出水變得混濁。(4)不同形態(tài)的氮去除率貢獻(xiàn)率分別為硝氮為58.33%,其他形態(tài)的氮(主要是有機(jī)氮)為30.17%,氨氮為11.51%;前段火山巖填料區(qū)內(nèi)硝氮濃度下降的幅度最大;而氨氮濃度呈上升趨勢(shì),有機(jī)氮濃度大以及高濃度硝氮加速反硝化反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行,導(dǎo)致硝化作用相對(duì)抑制;濾池各個(gè)階段的過(guò)程中,水中氮形態(tài)分布均以硝氮為主;有機(jī)氮的濃度只在前后兩段火山巖填料區(qū)有一定程度的降解;亞硝氮濃度很小,且變化的幅度不大;當(dāng)TN濃度為15mg/L左右時(shí),當(dāng)C/N比提升到約為5時(shí),TN去除率達(dá)到74.5%;進(jìn)水濃度為10mg/L左右時(shí),C/N比提升到約5.5,TN去除率達(dá)到72.7%和65.4%,TN最好去除效果發(fā)生在C/N比為5左右。(5)生物濾池出水,年風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值小于可接受年風(fēng)險(xiǎn)10-4的概率在90%以上;出水表觀色度均值為29.2度;表觀色度的平均去除率為47.3%;出水濁度較為穩(wěn)定,均值為1.7 NTU;濁度平均去除率達(dá)到87.6%;夏季生物濾池出水總氮(6.39 mg/L)、氨氮(1.24 mg/L)和總磷(0.81 mg/L)均滿足再生水回用景觀環(huán)境的水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn);整個(gè)夏季的監(jiān)測(cè)過(guò)程中,生物濾池出水水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)均處于輕度富營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)。
[Abstract]:As the landscape water body is more and more popular in the public life, however, China's water resources have been in a state of shortage. Especially in northern cities, the supplementary water resources of landscape water body have been puzzling the urban construction because of the lack of precipitation resources and rivers and lakes. The excessive concentration of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the tail water of sewage treatment plant is easy to cause eutrophication; the excessive turbidity affects the aesthetic value of landscape water; the existence of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in the tail water is harmful to human health for the landscape water with a certain amount of exposure; therefore, it is necessary to find a suitable development at this stage in China and to cooperate with the landscape environment. According to the conditions of Wetland Park supplemented by high nitrogen tail water in the study area, a cross-flow composite biofilter was adopted. Through one-year monitoring of the transverse-flow composite biofilter, the main pollutants in the influent were detected. The removal rates of TN, TP, SS and COD were 33.14%, 19.07%, 58.58% and 28.82%, respectively. Meanwhile, the change of treatment effect under different temperature and different organic loading was studied; the regularity of pollutant removal in the process was analyzed; because the influent was high nitrogen, nitrogen was analyzed in the cross-flow biofilter. The results showed that: (1) Under different temperatures, the average removal rates of TN were 29.9%, 43.3%, 20.1% and 9.37% in four seasons of a year, respectively; and the removal rates of NO_3-N were 29.9%, 43.3%, 20.1% and 9.37% in four seasons of a year. The average removal rates of COD were 26.5%, 33.4%, 23.9% and 15.2% respectively in four seasons of a year, and SS was 54.3%, 63.9%, 30.9% and 26.7% respectively in four seasons of a year, indicating that temperature was an important factor affecting the removal efficiency of pollutants. The removal rate of NO_3-N was 25.57%, accounting for half of the removal rate of NO_3-N (57.80%). The removal rate of COD was mainly between the volcanic rock filling area in the front of the filter and the gravel area in the middle of the filter. The removal rate of COD was 32.12% in the volcanic rock filling area. The removal rate of SS was 41.56% at the front of the filter and 24.17% at the back of the filter. The removal rate of NO_3-N reached 97.49% at the organic loading of 30.42 kg/d, and COD decreased slowly (from 52.4% to 12%). The concentration of nitrate and nitrogen in the filling area of volcanic rocks in the early stage decreased the most, while the concentration of ammonia and nitrogen increased, and the denitrification reaction was accelerated by the concentration of organic nitrogen and high concentration of nitrate nitrogen, which resulted in the relative inhibition of nitrification. The concentration of organic nitrogen was only degraded to a certain extent in the filling area of the volcanic rocks in the first and second stages; the concentration of nitrous nitrogen was very small, and the range of change was not large; when the TN concentration was about 15 mg/L, when the C/N ratio was about 5, the removal rate of TN reached 74.5%; when the influent concentration was about 10 mg/L, the C/N ratio was about 5.5, the removal rate of TN reached 72.7% and 65.4%, and the TN was the highest. The best removal effect occurred at C/N ratio of about 5. (5) Biofilter effluent, the annual risk value is less than the acceptable annual risk of 10-4 probability of more than 90%; effluent apparent chroma mean value is 29.2 degrees; the average removal rate of apparent chroma is 47.3%; effluent turbidity is relatively stable, the average removal rate of turbidity is 1.7 NTU; the average removal rate of turbidity is 87.6%; biological filter effluent in summer. Total nitrogen (6.39 mg/L), ammonia nitrogen (1.24 mg/L) and total phosphorus (0.81 mg/L) all met the water quality standards of the reclaimed water reuse landscape environment, and the eutrophication status of the effluent of the biofilter was slightly eutrophic throughout the monitoring process in summer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X52
本文編號(hào)：2190943
[Abstract]:As the landscape water body is more and more popular in the public life, however, China's water resources have been in a state of shortage. Especially in northern cities, the supplementary water resources of landscape water body have been puzzling the urban construction because of the lack of precipitation resources and rivers and lakes. The excessive concentration of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the tail water of sewage treatment plant is easy to cause eutrophication; the excessive turbidity affects the aesthetic value of landscape water; the existence of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in the tail water is harmful to human health for the landscape water with a certain amount of exposure; therefore, it is necessary to find a suitable development at this stage in China and to cooperate with the landscape environment. According to the conditions of Wetland Park supplemented by high nitrogen tail water in the study area, a cross-flow composite biofilter was adopted. Through one-year monitoring of the transverse-flow composite biofilter, the main pollutants in the influent were detected. The removal rates of TN, TP, SS and COD were 33.14%, 19.07%, 58.58% and 28.82%, respectively. Meanwhile, the change of treatment effect under different temperature and different organic loading was studied; the regularity of pollutant removal in the process was analyzed; because the influent was high nitrogen, nitrogen was analyzed in the cross-flow biofilter. The results showed that: (1) Under different temperatures, the average removal rates of TN were 29.9%, 43.3%, 20.1% and 9.37% in four seasons of a year, respectively; and the removal rates of NO_3-N were 29.9%, 43.3%, 20.1% and 9.37% in four seasons of a year. The average removal rates of COD were 26.5%, 33.4%, 23.9% and 15.2% respectively in four seasons of a year, and SS was 54.3%, 63.9%, 30.9% and 26.7% respectively in four seasons of a year, indicating that temperature was an important factor affecting the removal efficiency of pollutants. The removal rate of NO_3-N was 25.57%, accounting for half of the removal rate of NO_3-N (57.80%). The removal rate of COD was mainly between the volcanic rock filling area in the front of the filter and the gravel area in the middle of the filter. The removal rate of COD was 32.12% in the volcanic rock filling area. The removal rate of SS was 41.56% at the front of the filter and 24.17% at the back of the filter. The removal rate of NO_3-N reached 97.49% at the organic loading of 30.42 kg/d, and COD decreased slowly (from 52.4% to 12%). The concentration of nitrate and nitrogen in the filling area of volcanic rocks in the early stage decreased the most, while the concentration of ammonia and nitrogen increased, and the denitrification reaction was accelerated by the concentration of organic nitrogen and high concentration of nitrate nitrogen, which resulted in the relative inhibition of nitrification. The concentration of organic nitrogen was only degraded to a certain extent in the filling area of the volcanic rocks in the first and second stages; the concentration of nitrous nitrogen was very small, and the range of change was not large; when the TN concentration was about 15 mg/L, when the C/N ratio was about 5, the removal rate of TN reached 74.5%; when the influent concentration was about 10 mg/L, the C/N ratio was about 5.5, the removal rate of TN reached 72.7% and 65.4%, and the TN was the highest. The best removal effect occurred at C/N ratio of about 5. (5) Biofilter effluent, the annual risk value is less than the acceptable annual risk of 10-4 probability of more than 90%; effluent apparent chroma mean value is 29.2 degrees; the average removal rate of apparent chroma is 47.3%; effluent turbidity is relatively stable, the average removal rate of turbidity is 1.7 NTU; the average removal rate of turbidity is 87.6%; biological filter effluent in summer. Total nitrogen (6.39 mg/L), ammonia nitrogen (1.24 mg/L) and total phosphorus (0.81 mg/L) all met the water quality standards of the reclaimed water reuse landscape environment, and the eutrophication status of the effluent of the biofilter was slightly eutrophic throughout the monitoring process in summer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X52
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