黔東南地區(qū)退耕還林工程實(shí)施前后景觀動態(tài)變化研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-13 21:28
【摘要】：改革開放以后,我國經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展,人類活動對自然景觀的影響加劇,地區(qū)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展差距也加劇,為了促進(jìn)區(qū)域社會經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,平衡經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與生態(tài)保護(hù),西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略于2000年全面啟動,同時(shí),涉及區(qū)域最廣、時(shí)效最長的生態(tài)工程—退耕還林工程也在全國13個(gè)省(市)開始試點(diǎn)。生物多樣性豐富、生態(tài)環(huán)境獨(dú)特的黔東南苗族侗族自治州作為我國重點(diǎn)林區(qū)之一,是33個(gè)少數(shù)民族聚居區(qū)、貴州省重點(diǎn)開發(fā)區(qū)域,也是貴州省退耕還林工程第一批試點(diǎn)區(qū),對貴州省的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和生態(tài)保護(hù)具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。因此,分析該州的景觀格局特征及其時(shí)空演化,為當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)安全格局的構(gòu)建,開發(fā)計(jì)劃、生態(tài)管理與保護(hù)方案的制定奠定了基礎(chǔ)。本文以黔東南州1993年、1999年、2009年的土地利用圖及2013年的Landsat 8遙感影像為數(shù)據(jù)源,結(jié)合該州的DEM、林相圖及相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)資料,對其退耕還林工程實(shí)施前后的耕地、林地變化及景觀結(jié)構(gòu)變化和驅(qū)動力進(jìn)行了研究分析。論文的主要研究結(jié)論如下：(1)1999-2009年,該區(qū)域林地面積減少,耕地面積增加�？臻g變化顯示北部、東北部重點(diǎn)退耕還林區(qū)林地增加,耕地減少,表明退耕還林工程效果顯著。而南部、東南部非重點(diǎn)退耕還林區(qū)林地減少,耕地增加,說明黔東南州在實(shí)施生態(tài)退耕的同時(shí),毀林毀草開荒、復(fù)墾也在進(jìn)行。坡度250以上耕地、林地變化趨勢與該州耕地、林地總體變化趨勢相同,2009-2013年間,坡度250以上林地有所增加,耕地減少,說明經(jīng)過退耕還林和育林之后,林地得到了恢復(fù)。1999-2013年間,海拔1000m以上林地減少,耕地、建筑用地、草地增加。NDVI的監(jiān)測結(jié)果表示1999-2013年間,NDVI最大值減小,NDVI最小值增大,中覆蓋區(qū)域面積增加。北部、西北部地區(qū)NDVI增加明顯,而南部、東南部地區(qū)NDVI不變或者降低。(2)1993-1999年間,林地和草地向耕地的轉(zhuǎn)移最為劇烈。小斑塊耕地合并為大斑塊,小斑塊的天然林地和草地消失,因此景觀斑塊數(shù)量急劇下降,平均斑塊面積增加,景觀多樣性和均勻度下降,邊界密度的下降說明各景觀類型被分割的程度降低,布局更加集中,面積加權(quán)平均形狀指數(shù)的增加說明了斑塊形狀的不規(guī)則性增加。1999-2009年間,景觀主要變化是林地和草地向耕地的轉(zhuǎn)移,林地向耕地的轉(zhuǎn)化主要發(fā)生在南部地區(qū),草地向耕地和林地的轉(zhuǎn)化主要發(fā)生在北部地區(qū)。此階段,黔東南州景觀平均斑塊面積增加,其余景觀指數(shù)均處于下降趨勢,說明人類活動對景觀變化影響劇烈。2009-2013年間,林地面積和分布較穩(wěn)定,耕地略有減少,最明顯的變化是建筑用地在北部增加。此階段,景觀多樣性有所提高,斑塊形狀復(fù)雜程度略有增加,說明黔東南州在加大開發(fā)力度的同時(shí)也注意對生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護(hù)。(3)本研究選擇地形地質(zhì)、降水氣溫變化、極端天氣及自然災(zāi)害為自然因素,人口、GDP產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)及政策導(dǎo)向?yàn)槿藶橐蛩?對該州景觀格局變化的驅(qū)動力進(jìn)行分析的結(jié)果顯示：人類活動是主要驅(qū)動因素,且對林地和建筑用地的影響最為劇烈,人口密度與林地面積呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,與建筑用地面積呈顯著正相關(guān),與耕地面積和邊界密度呈不顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly, the impact of human activities on the natural landscape has intensified, and the disparity of regional social and economic development has also intensified. In order to promote the coordinated development of regional social economy and balance economic development and ecological protection, the strategy for the development of the western region was launched in 2000. At the same time, it involves the widest and longest-lasting eco-engineering in the region. As one of the key forest areas in China, the Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in southeastern Guizhou with rich biodiversity and unique ecological environment is one of the 33 minority inhabited areas. It is also the first pilot area of the project in Guizhou Province. Therefore, the analysis of landscape pattern and its spatial-temporal evolution lays a foundation for the construction of local ecological security pattern, development plan, ecological management and protection plan. This paper takes the land use map of Southeast Guizhou in 1993, 1999, 2009 and Landsat 8 in 2013 as an example. Sensory images were used as data sources, combined with DEM, forest phase maps and related statistical data, the cultivated land, forest land change, landscape structure change and driving force before and after the implementation of the project were studied and analyzed. The results showed that in the north and the northeast, the forestland increased and the cultivated land decreased, which indicated that the effect of the project was remarkable. With the state's arable land, the overall trend of forest land change is the same, in 2009-2013, the slope of more than 250 woodland increased, farmland decreased, indicating that after the conversion of farmland to forest and afforestation, woodland has been restored. 1999-2013, the elevation of more than 1000m woodland decreased, cultivated land, construction land, grassland increased. NDVI monitoring results show that 1999-2013, NDVI is the most important period. In the north and northwest, NDVI increased significantly, while in the South and southeast, NDVI remained unchanged or decreased. (2) From 1993 to 1999, the transfer of woodland and grassland to cultivated land was the most intense. Small patches of cultivated land merged into large patches, and the natural woodland and grassland of small patches disappeared. The number of patches decreased sharply, the average patch area increased, the landscape diversity and evenness decreased. The decrease of boundary density indicated that the degree of division of each landscape type was reduced and the layout was more concentrated. The increase of area weighted average shape index indicated that the patch shape irregularity increased. In this stage, the average patch area of landscape in southeastern Guizhou increased, while the other landscape indices were in a downward trend, indicating that human activities had a dramatic impact on landscape change. The area and distribution are stable, the cultivated land is slightly reduced, and the most obvious change is that the construction land is increased in the north. At this stage, the landscape diversity is improved, and the patch shape complexity is slightly increased, which indicates that Qiandongnan Prefecture pays attention to the protection of the ecological environment while strengthening the development. (3) This study selected topography and geology, precipitation and temperature changes. Extreme weather and natural disasters are natural factors, population, GDP industrial structure and policy orientation are human factors. The results show that human activities are the main driving factors of landscape pattern change, and the impact on forest land and construction land is the most intense. Population density is negatively correlated with forest land area. It was positively correlated with the construction land area, but not negatively correlated with the cultivated land area and the boundary density.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S721;P901
本文編號：2182239
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly, the impact of human activities on the natural landscape has intensified, and the disparity of regional social and economic development has also intensified. In order to promote the coordinated development of regional social economy and balance economic development and ecological protection, the strategy for the development of the western region was launched in 2000. At the same time, it involves the widest and longest-lasting eco-engineering in the region. As one of the key forest areas in China, the Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in southeastern Guizhou with rich biodiversity and unique ecological environment is one of the 33 minority inhabited areas. It is also the first pilot area of the project in Guizhou Province. Therefore, the analysis of landscape pattern and its spatial-temporal evolution lays a foundation for the construction of local ecological security pattern, development plan, ecological management and protection plan. This paper takes the land use map of Southeast Guizhou in 1993, 1999, 2009 and Landsat 8 in 2013 as an example. Sensory images were used as data sources, combined with DEM, forest phase maps and related statistical data, the cultivated land, forest land change, landscape structure change and driving force before and after the implementation of the project were studied and analyzed. The results showed that in the north and the northeast, the forestland increased and the cultivated land decreased, which indicated that the effect of the project was remarkable. With the state's arable land, the overall trend of forest land change is the same, in 2009-2013, the slope of more than 250 woodland increased, farmland decreased, indicating that after the conversion of farmland to forest and afforestation, woodland has been restored. 1999-2013, the elevation of more than 1000m woodland decreased, cultivated land, construction land, grassland increased. NDVI monitoring results show that 1999-2013, NDVI is the most important period. In the north and northwest, NDVI increased significantly, while in the South and southeast, NDVI remained unchanged or decreased. (2) From 1993 to 1999, the transfer of woodland and grassland to cultivated land was the most intense. Small patches of cultivated land merged into large patches, and the natural woodland and grassland of small patches disappeared. The number of patches decreased sharply, the average patch area increased, the landscape diversity and evenness decreased. The decrease of boundary density indicated that the degree of division of each landscape type was reduced and the layout was more concentrated. The increase of area weighted average shape index indicated that the patch shape irregularity increased. In this stage, the average patch area of landscape in southeastern Guizhou increased, while the other landscape indices were in a downward trend, indicating that human activities had a dramatic impact on landscape change. The area and distribution are stable, the cultivated land is slightly reduced, and the most obvious change is that the construction land is increased in the north. At this stage, the landscape diversity is improved, and the patch shape complexity is slightly increased, which indicates that Qiandongnan Prefecture pays attention to the protection of the ecological environment while strengthening the development. (3) This study selected topography and geology, precipitation and temperature changes. Extreme weather and natural disasters are natural factors, population, GDP industrial structure and policy orientation are human factors. The results show that human activities are the main driving factors of landscape pattern change, and the impact on forest land and construction land is the most intense. Population density is negatively correlated with forest land area. It was positively correlated with the construction land area, but not negatively correlated with the cultivated land area and the boundary density.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S721;P901
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 陳睿山;蔡運(yùn)龍;;土地變化科學(xué)中的尺度問題與解決途徑[J];地理研究;2010年07期
2 高翔;蔡雄飛;王濟(jì);戴凌駿;穆悅;;貴州典型礦區(qū)10年景觀格局變化及驅(qū)動力分析[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù);2013年11期
，本文編號：2182239
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