主要陳設(shè)工藝品木雕用材材質(zhì)的系統(tǒng)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-18 21:37
【摘要】：木雕工藝是民間藝術(shù)中具有代表性的中華傳統(tǒng)形式之一,有著豐厚的傳統(tǒng)文化底蘊和鮮明的民族特色。木材是木雕工藝的載體,從某種意義上來說“所有的木材都能用來雕刻,但是并不是每一種木材雕刻都能成為精品”。根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)木雕發(fā)展歷史,本論文選取13種木材,包括11種常見的具有代表性的傳統(tǒng)陳設(shè)工藝品用材及2種新興的用材。較系統(tǒng)的研究了木材的構(gòu)造特征、結(jié)構(gòu)特征、用材相關(guān)特性、揮發(fā)油,分析了用材對木雕工藝品的適用性,探討了木雕用材對木雕工藝、雕刻技法、陳設(shè)美學(xué)的影響。同時,對“血龍木”、“紫檀柳”木材構(gòu)造特征及木材分類進行了研究。通過試驗研究,得到具體結(jié)論如下:(1)木材構(gòu)造特征是影響雕刻用材選擇的重要因素。主要陳設(shè)工藝品木雕以早晚材緩變的針葉材和闊葉材散孔材為主。對各用材宏觀微觀構(gòu)造進行描述,為雕刻題材的選擇提供參考。另外,對構(gòu)造特征研究表明“血龍木”為南洋杉科貝殼杉屬樹種,而“紫檀柳”趨向于蝶形花科黃檀屬樹種,需進一步對其植物性特征,花、果、葉進行研究,探討植物學(xué)分類。(2)結(jié)合木雕技法,不同結(jié)構(gòu)的用材適用于不同工藝品的雕刻。紋理直、結(jié)構(gòu)細(xì)的用材,如黃楊木、椴木類木材適合透雕、圓雕類工藝品雕刻;紋理斜、結(jié)構(gòu)中的木材,如樟木、檀香紫檀木類木材適合用于圓雕輔以淺浮雕技法工藝品的雕刻。(3)對結(jié)構(gòu)微觀構(gòu)造特征的主成分因子分析,表明闊葉材平均管孔弦徑及針葉材平均管胞弦徑是影響雕刻工藝選擇的重要參數(shù)。使用拉削或推刻工藝雕刻闊葉材時,應(yīng)保證刀刃不會切入到木材纖維之間即不能順紋切割。橫紋切割能夠保證刀刃受的阻力均勻且較順紋方向阻力大,雕刻力度得到控制,確保木材不會順紋開裂,用材導(dǎo)管弦徑小分布均勻更有利于雕刻工藝的發(fā)揮。(4)綜合表面特性參數(shù),用材材色其中有7種分布在Y色調(diào)內(nèi),為黃色調(diào),5種分布在YR色調(diào)內(nèi),為橙色調(diào),1種分布在R色調(diào)內(nèi),為紅色調(diào)。用材中平行紋理入射條件下的光澤度GZL的測量值范圍:5.15%~9.32%,垂直紋理入射條件下的光澤度GZT的測量值范圍:3.94%~6.12%。木雕用材的水滴接觸角都小于90°為部分潤濕,水滴接觸角越小,潤濕性越好。黃色調(diào)光澤度適中的木材適用于活潑、生動主題工藝品的雕刻,橙紅色調(diào)有光澤的木材適用于穩(wěn)重、典雅、大方主題工藝品的雕刻。(5)雕刻工具的選擇與用材的密度、硬度、干縮性密切相關(guān)。如銀杏、椴木之類密度、硬度適中的木材,適用于各類木雕藝術(shù)的表現(xiàn)形式;雕刻此類木材一般選擇刃口薄而鋒利的工具。而如紫檀木之類密度、硬度大的木材需要運用硬木雕的有關(guān)技藝進行操作,主要選擇刃口稍厚的工具。(6)對試驗的7種用材的揮發(fā)油成分分析,比例占1%以上的化合物包括:芥酸酰胺、烯類、苯酚類、萘甲醇類、酮類、脂類化合物。揮發(fā)油成分對木雕工藝品鑒賞和木雕加工環(huán)境有重要影響。
[Abstract]:Wood carving is one of the representative Chinese traditional forms in folk art, which has rich traditional culture and distinctive national characteristics. Wood is the carrier of wood carving technology, in a sense, "all wood can be carved, but not every wood carving can become fine." According to the development history of traditional wood carving, this paper selects 13 kinds of wood, including 11 kinds of typical traditional display handicraft materials and 2 kinds of new materials. The structural characteristics, timber related characteristics, volatile oil of wood were studied systematically. The applicability of wood to wood carving handicraft was analyzed, and the influence of wood carving on wood carving technology, carving technique and display aesthetics was discussed. At the same time, the structural characteristics and wood classification of Xue Longmu and Rosewood were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Wood structure is an important factor affecting the selection of wood for carving. The main display crafts wood carving in the morning and evening wood slowly changed coniferous and broad-leaved wood scattered mainly. The macroscopical and microscopic structure of each material is described to provide reference for the selection of sculpture subject matter. In addition, the study on the structural characteristics shows that Xue Longmu is a species of the genus Artemisia, while Rhizoma Rosewood tends to be a species of the sphenoid family, so it is necessary to further study its plant characteristics, flowers, fruits and leaves. Discuss the classification of botany. (2) combined with woodcarving techniques, the materials with different structures are suitable for carving of different handicrafts. Straight, structured wood, such as aspen, Linden wood, suitable for carving, round carving handicraft carving; texture, in the structure of wood, such as camphor wood, Sandalwood wood is suitable for carving round carvings supplemented with shallow relief crafts. (3) Principal component factor analysis of structural and microstructural characteristics. It is shown that the mean diameter of the chord of the broad leaved wood and the average diameter of the tracheid string of the needle are the important parameters that affect the selection of engraving process. When carving broadleaved wood by broaching or pressing, ensure that the blade does not cut through the wood fibers. Transverse cutting can ensure that the blade is subjected to uniform resistance and larger resistance than the direction along the grain, the intensity of the carving is controlled to ensure that the wood does not crack along the grain. The uniform distribution of chord diameters is more beneficial to the carving process. (4) according to the surface characteristic parameters, there are 7 kinds of wood colors in Y tone, 5 yellow colors in yr tone, and 1 kind of orange tonal in R tone. A red tone. The measuring range of gloss GZL under the condition of parallel textures in the material is: 5.15 and 9.32, and that of gloss GZT under the condition of vertical texture incidence is: 3.94 and 6.12. The water droplet contact angle of wood carving is less than 90 擄and the wettability is better when the contact angle of water droplet is smaller. The wood with moderate yellow tone and luster is suitable for carving lively, vivid theme crafts, orange-red and lustrous wood for carving of stable, elegant and generous themed handicrafts. (5) selection of engraving tools and density and hardness of materials used, Dryness is closely related. Such as ginkgo, Linden density, moderate hardness of wood, suitable for all kinds of woodcarving art expression; carving wood generally choose a thin and sharp tool. For example, such density as rosewood, heavy wood needs to be operated by using the relevant techniques of hard wood carving, and the tools with slightly thicker edges are mainly selected. (6) Analysis of the volatile oil composition of the 7 kinds of wood used in the experiment. More than 1% of the compounds include erucide-amide, olefins, phenols, naphthalene methanol, ketones and lipids. Volatile oil composition has an important effect on the appreciation of wood carving crafts and woodcarving processing environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TS932.4
本文編號：2132846
[Abstract]:Wood carving is one of the representative Chinese traditional forms in folk art, which has rich traditional culture and distinctive national characteristics. Wood is the carrier of wood carving technology, in a sense, "all wood can be carved, but not every wood carving can become fine." According to the development history of traditional wood carving, this paper selects 13 kinds of wood, including 11 kinds of typical traditional display handicraft materials and 2 kinds of new materials. The structural characteristics, timber related characteristics, volatile oil of wood were studied systematically. The applicability of wood to wood carving handicraft was analyzed, and the influence of wood carving on wood carving technology, carving technique and display aesthetics was discussed. At the same time, the structural characteristics and wood classification of Xue Longmu and Rosewood were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Wood structure is an important factor affecting the selection of wood for carving. The main display crafts wood carving in the morning and evening wood slowly changed coniferous and broad-leaved wood scattered mainly. The macroscopical and microscopic structure of each material is described to provide reference for the selection of sculpture subject matter. In addition, the study on the structural characteristics shows that Xue Longmu is a species of the genus Artemisia, while Rhizoma Rosewood tends to be a species of the sphenoid family, so it is necessary to further study its plant characteristics, flowers, fruits and leaves. Discuss the classification of botany. (2) combined with woodcarving techniques, the materials with different structures are suitable for carving of different handicrafts. Straight, structured wood, such as aspen, Linden wood, suitable for carving, round carving handicraft carving; texture, in the structure of wood, such as camphor wood, Sandalwood wood is suitable for carving round carvings supplemented with shallow relief crafts. (3) Principal component factor analysis of structural and microstructural characteristics. It is shown that the mean diameter of the chord of the broad leaved wood and the average diameter of the tracheid string of the needle are the important parameters that affect the selection of engraving process. When carving broadleaved wood by broaching or pressing, ensure that the blade does not cut through the wood fibers. Transverse cutting can ensure that the blade is subjected to uniform resistance and larger resistance than the direction along the grain, the intensity of the carving is controlled to ensure that the wood does not crack along the grain. The uniform distribution of chord diameters is more beneficial to the carving process. (4) according to the surface characteristic parameters, there are 7 kinds of wood colors in Y tone, 5 yellow colors in yr tone, and 1 kind of orange tonal in R tone. A red tone. The measuring range of gloss GZL under the condition of parallel textures in the material is: 5.15 and 9.32, and that of gloss GZT under the condition of vertical texture incidence is: 3.94 and 6.12. The water droplet contact angle of wood carving is less than 90 擄and the wettability is better when the contact angle of water droplet is smaller. The wood with moderate yellow tone and luster is suitable for carving lively, vivid theme crafts, orange-red and lustrous wood for carving of stable, elegant and generous themed handicrafts. (5) selection of engraving tools and density and hardness of materials used, Dryness is closely related. Such as ginkgo, Linden density, moderate hardness of wood, suitable for all kinds of woodcarving art expression; carving wood generally choose a thin and sharp tool. For example, such density as rosewood, heavy wood needs to be operated by using the relevant techniques of hard wood carving, and the tools with slightly thicker edges are mainly selected. (6) Analysis of the volatile oil composition of the 7 kinds of wood used in the experiment. More than 1% of the compounds include erucide-amide, olefins, phenols, naphthalene methanol, ketones and lipids. Volatile oil composition has an important effect on the appreciation of wood carving crafts and woodcarving processing environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TS932.4
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