【摘要】：隨著改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)城市化進(jìn)程的迅猛發(fā)展,生態(tài)環(huán)境不斷惡化,地域文化也在不斷遭到?jīng)_擊,在某種程度上帶來(lái)了人類(lèi)歷史發(fā)展進(jìn)程上的重大損失。在新時(shí)代下,隨著更多人們的關(guān)注,生態(tài)保護(hù)成為每個(gè)人必須要面對(duì)的生存任務(wù),而將生態(tài)保護(hù)與地域文化相結(jié)合,進(jìn)一步挖掘中國(guó)古典生態(tài)美學(xué)智慧,對(duì)于我們也具有實(shí)際的研究?jī)r(jià)值�；罩莸貐^(qū)由于徽商崛起,徽州經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力在明清時(shí)期得到前所未有的發(fā)展,徽州地區(qū)文化也就此興盛起來(lái),這為徽州鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)注入了雄厚的文化能量。經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮推動(dòng)了徽州社會(huì)的發(fā)展,表現(xiàn)形式就是徽州建筑的發(fā)展,到現(xiàn)代,遺留下來(lái)的古民居則有著眾多而又典型的徽州特征。作為徽州文化的直接體現(xiàn),徽州古民居建筑在滿(mǎn)足民眾基本居住條件的基礎(chǔ)上,帶給世人視覺(jué)上、感官上以美的享受,其表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的人與自然合二為一的生態(tài)美學(xué)觀念值得我們思考與關(guān)注。中國(guó)古典哲學(xué)的生態(tài)智慧深深地影響著中國(guó)古代居民的性格,也集中反映在居民對(duì)生活中房屋選址、村落布局、建筑造型、裝飾色彩等的選擇。在村落布局方面,徽州村落強(qiáng)調(diào)枕山、環(huán)水、面屏,注重與自然的協(xié)調(diào),形成了 "天人合一"的生態(tài)審美觀照;徽州村落選址重視風(fēng)水形勢(shì),注重適應(yīng)自然、利用自然,具有順勢(shì)而為的審美情趣;徽州園林造型精巧,古樸典雅,注重以小見(jiàn)大、別開(kāi)洞天,營(yíng)造出自然淡雅的審美意境;徽州古民居色調(diào)單純統(tǒng)一,靜穆簡(jiǎn)約,純凈諧和,具有質(zhì)樸素凈的美感特征。總之,在民居的建構(gòu)問(wèn)題上,徽州人將人與自然的和諧之美發(fā)揮到了極致。村落選址順應(yīng)自然,民居顏色貼近自然,建筑取材利用自然,人居環(huán)境尊重自然,結(jié)構(gòu)布局融于自然,處處體現(xiàn)人與自然和諧共生理念,將中國(guó)古代哲學(xué)中"道法自然"、"天人合一"、"虛實(shí)之美"等生態(tài)美學(xué)智慧表現(xiàn)的淋漓盡致。本論文共有四部分組成。首先,引言部分對(duì)本文選題背景、研究意義及國(guó)內(nèi)相關(guān)研究進(jìn)行綜合性概述。第一章介紹徽州古民居基本概況。論述了徽州古民居形成的地域條件及其文化背景,從根源上分析徽州古民居產(chǎn)生的條件、發(fā)展歷史及形成動(dòng)因。第二章解析徽州古民居的生態(tài)美學(xué)特征。從村落選址、建筑風(fēng)格、園林設(shè)計(jì)和"三雕"藝術(shù)等幾個(gè)方面著手,解析徽州古民居的生態(tài)美學(xué)特征,并以徽州古民居的生態(tài)美學(xué)特征為切入點(diǎn),剖析了中國(guó)古代道家思想、儒家思想中蘊(yùn)含的生態(tài)美學(xué)智慧。第三章介紹生態(tài)美學(xué)視野下的現(xiàn)代城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃。主要是運(yùn)用中國(guó)古典生態(tài)美學(xué)智慧,對(duì)現(xiàn)代城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃中打造山水園林城市、建設(shè)美好鄉(xiāng)村以及打造"宜居"與"樂(lè)居"環(huán)境等提供理論支撐,并針對(duì)存在的問(wèn)題提出了合理化建議。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the urbanization process since the reform and opening up, the ecological environment is deteriorating and the regional culture is also under constant impact. To some extent, it has brought great losses in the course of the development of human history. In the new era, as more people pay attention to ecological protection, ecological protection has become the survival task that everyone must face, and combine ecological protection with regional culture to further tap the wisdom of Chinese classical ecological aesthetics. It also has practical research value for us. Because of the rise of Huizhou merchants, the economic strength of Huizhou got unprecedented development in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the culture of Huizhou region also flourished, which injected abundant cultural energy into the rural society of Huizhou. The prosperity of economy has promoted the development of Huizhou society, which is manifested in the development of Huizhou architecture. To modern times, the ancient houses left behind have many and typical features of Huizhou. As a direct embodiment of Huizhou culture, the ancient residential buildings of Huizhou bring the world the enjoyment of beauty in vision and sense on the basis of satisfying the basic living conditions of the people. The ecological aesthetic concept of the combination of man and nature is worthy of our consideration and attention. The ecological wisdom of Chinese classical philosophy deeply affects the character of ancient Chinese residents, and also reflects the residents' choice of house location, village layout, architectural modeling, decoration color and so on. In terms of village layout, Huizhou village emphasizes on pillow mountain, water, screen, coordination with nature, and forms the ecological aesthetic picture of "harmony of nature and man"; Huizhou village location emphasizes geomantic situation, pays attention to adapting to nature, and makes use of nature. Huizhou garden has the aesthetic taste to conform to the trend; Huizhou garden is exquisite, simple and elegant, pays attention to seeing the whole through a small part, does not open the hole sky, creates the natural and elegant aesthetic artistic conception; the Huizhou ancient folk house is simple and unified in tone, quiet and simple, pure and harmonious, It has the characteristic of simplicity and simplicity. In a word, Huizhou people exert the beauty of harmony between man and nature to the utmost. Village location conforms to nature, folk house color is close to nature, building materials use nature, human settlement environment respects nature, structural layout is integrated into nature, and everywhere embodies the concept of harmony and symbiosis between man and nature. In ancient Chinese philosophy, ecological aesthetic wisdom such as "Taoism and nature", "harmony of nature and man", "beauty of vanity and reality" and so on are presented incisively and vividly. This thesis consists of four parts. First of all, the introduction summarizes the background, significance and domestic research. The first chapter introduces the basic situation of Huizhou ancient houses. This paper discusses the regional conditions and cultural background of the formation of Huizhou ancient houses, and analyzes the conditions, development history and causes of the formation of Huizhou ancient houses from the root. The second chapter analyzes the ecological aesthetic characteristics of Huizhou ancient folk houses. From the aspects of village location, architectural style, garden design and the art of "three carvings", this paper analyzes the ecological aesthetic characteristics of Huizhou ancient folk houses, and analyzes the ancient Taoist thoughts of China from the point of view of the ecological aesthetic characteristics of Huizhou ancient folk houses. The ecological aesthetic wisdom contained in Confucianism. The third chapter introduces the modern urban and rural planning under the view of ecological aesthetics. It mainly uses the wisdom of Chinese classical ecological aesthetics to provide theoretical support for the construction of landscape garden cities, the construction of beautiful villages and the construction of "livable" and "happy living" environments in modern urban and rural planning. At the same time, some reasonable suggestions are put forward in view of the existing problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU241.5

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