本文選題：深圳市 + 郊野公園　； 參考：《仲愷農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速增長和城市化的不斷加快,同時由于城市中心區(qū)用地緊張,城市建設(shè)越來越向原城市邊緣和郊區(qū)發(fā)展,這讓城市近郊原有的自然景觀受到嚴(yán)重的破壞。在城市規(guī)劃中往往重點(diǎn)關(guān)注城市中心地區(qū)的環(huán)境保護(hù),對城市邊緣的忽視導(dǎo)致郊區(qū)遭受嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染,長此以往城市郊區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在持續(xù)惡化下變得脆弱,城市的生態(tài)保護(hù)受到嚴(yán)重的考驗(yàn)。此外,城市居民在緊張的生活節(jié)奏下越來越向往回歸自然,希望有個放松身心的自然場所。郊野公園正是在這種背景下被越來越多的城市所重視,目前郊野公園規(guī)劃建設(shè)已在國內(nèi)各大城市掀起高潮。然而,我國對郊野公園的研究仍處在探索階段,還缺乏一個科學(xué)合理的成熟研究體系,且大多數(shù)研究集中在理論規(guī)劃、建設(shè)發(fā)展、旅游資源開發(fā)等方面,對其他領(lǐng)域的研究工作較少。本文以深圳市大、小南山郊野公園為研究對象,從植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)特征、植物群落多樣性和植物景觀評價三個方面進(jìn)行了研究,并提出優(yōu)化建議,以期為今后深圳及其他地區(qū)郊野公園的規(guī)劃建設(shè)和植物群落研究提供參考。本文研究成果如下:1.植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)特征(1)從調(diào)查的植物種類和來源來看,大、小南山郊野公園共有植物119科、300屬、446種,總科數(shù)占據(jù)了世界高等植物350科的34%,而總種數(shù)已經(jīng)達(dá)到深圳市2800余種(含街道和野外的栽培種)的15.96%,說明大、小南山郊野公園整體植物種類非常豐富。(2)從各植物群落層次結(jié)構(gòu)來看,大南山人工植物群落層次更加分明,但小南山自然植物群落和半自然植物群落生長態(tài)勢更好。此外,小南山自然植物群落和半自然植物群落的蓋度與海拔高度呈正相關(guān),小南山北坡的群落蓋度要大于同海拔高度的南坡群落,這種情況的原因主要是小南山南坡群落受人為干擾和環(huán)境污染的影響較為嚴(yán)重。(3)從各植物群落優(yōu)勢種來看,大、小南山所有植物群落中喬木層優(yōu)勢種出現(xiàn)次數(shù)最多的是山烏桕,灌木層優(yōu)勢種出現(xiàn)次數(shù)最多的是九節(jié),草本層優(yōu)勢種出現(xiàn)次數(shù)最多的是山麥冬和蟛蜞菊,說明這些植物在小南山和大南山分布相當(dāng)廣泛。此外,半自然植物群落優(yōu)勢種組成與自然植物群落非常相似,但其優(yōu)勢種種類分布更為均勻,而人工植物群落的優(yōu)勢種種類則完全不同。2.植物群落多樣性(1)從植物群落多樣性指標(biāo)來看,大、小南山所有植物群落的Simpson指數(shù)喬木層平均值為0.8520,灌木層平均值為0.9321,草本層平均值為0.7880;Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)喬木層平均值為2.2001,灌木層平均值為2.6533,草本層平均值為1.6043;Odum指數(shù)喬木層平均值為3.0617,灌木層平均值為4.5057,草本層平均值為2.4941;Pielou指數(shù)喬木層平均值為0.7874,灌木層平均值為0.7702,草本層平均值為0.5319。15個植物群落多樣性指標(biāo)總體趨勢是灌木層喬木層草本層。(2)從植物群落類型的比較來看,大、小南山郊野公園在物種多樣性、豐富度、均勻度方面指數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)對比上均為半自然植物群落自然植物群落人工植物群落,這說明半自然植物群落多樣性最高,群落結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性最好,自然植物群落次之,而人工植物群落最差。(3)從植物群落相似性系數(shù)來看,大、小南山各植物群落之間相似度較低,說明整個區(qū)域內(nèi)物種多樣性較高。此外自然植物群落和半自然植物群落之間的相似度很高,而人工植物群落與它們的相似度很低,這與植物配置中的植物種類選擇有關(guān)。3.植物景觀評價(1)從植物景觀評價因子的總權(quán)重來看,所有評價因子總權(quán)重值排序?yàn)槲锓N多樣性植被自然程度綠視率植物健康狀況植物景觀層次感植被覆蓋度觀賞特性多樣性色彩豐富度生態(tài)優(yōu)勢度指數(shù)與周圍環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)性空間通透性。在準(zhǔn)則層中生態(tài)性權(quán)重值為0.8333,觀賞性權(quán)重值為0.1667,生態(tài)性權(quán)重值大于觀賞性權(quán)重值符合郊野公園生態(tài)保護(hù)為主、游憩觀賞為輔的原則。(2)從植物景觀綜合評價結(jié)果來看,Ⅰ級植物景觀有4個,占所有植物群落的26.67%;Ⅱ級植物景觀有5個,占所有植物群落的33.34%;Ⅲ級和Ⅳ級植物景觀各有3個,各占所有植物群落的20%。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid growth of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, at the same time, the urban construction is becoming more and more to the original urban fringe and suburb because of the shortage of land in urban central area. This makes the original natural landscape of the suburb seriously damaged. In the urban planning, the environmental protection of the urban central area is often paid more attention to the city. The neglect of the edge causes the suburb to suffer serious environmental pollution. In the past, the ecological system in the suburbs of the city has become fragile, and the ecological protection of the city is seriously tested. In addition, the urban residents are more and more yearning to return to nature under the tense rhythm of life. In this context, more and more cities have paid attention to, and the planning and construction of country parks have set off the climax of the major cities in China. However, the study of country parks is still in the stage of exploration, and a scientific and rational research system is still lacking, and most of the research is focused on the theoretical planning, construction and development, and the opening of tourism resources. In this paper, the research work on other fields is less. In this paper, the Shenzhen City, the small Nanshan country park is the research object, from the plant community structure characteristics, plant community diversity and plant landscape evaluation three aspects, and put forward the optimization suggestions for the future of Shenzhen and other areas of the country park planning and planting and planting. The results of the study of the plant community are as follows: 1. the characteristics of the plant community structure (1) from the species and source of the investigated plants, there are 119 families, 300 genera and 446 species in the small Nanshan country park. The total number of genera occupies 34% of the 350 families of the world's higher plants, and the total number has reached more than 2800 species in Shenzhen (including the streets and wild plants. 15.96%, it shows that the whole plant species of Nanshan country park is very rich. (2) from the level of plant community, the level of the plant community in the Nanshan Mountain is more distinct, but the natural plant community and the semi natural plant community in the small Nanshan Mountain are better. The coverage of the north slope of the small Nanshan Mountain is greater than the south slope community at the same altitude. The main reason is that the southern slope of the south mountain is more seriously affected by human disturbance and environmental pollution. (3) from the dominant species of plant community, the tree layer of the big and small Nanshan plant communities is dominant. The dominant species in the shrub layer are the most frequent occurrences in the nine section, and the dominant species in the herbaceous layer is the most frequent occurrence of the species, indicating that these plants are widely distributed in the small Nanshan and daunshan mountains. The species distribution is more uniform, and the dominant species of the artificial plant community is completely different from the.2. plant community diversity (1) from the plant community diversity index. The average value of the Simpson index tree layer of all the plant communities in the small Nanshan Mountain is 0.8520, the average value of the shrub layer is 0.9321, the average of the herb layer is 0.7880, and the Shannon-Wiener index Joe. The average value of the wood layer is 2.2001, the average value of the shrub layer is 2.6533, the average value of the herb layer is 1.6043, the average value of the Odum tree layer is 3.0617, the average value of the shrub layer is 4.5057, the average of the herb layer is 2.4941, the average value of the Pielou tree layer is 0.7874, the average value of the shrub layer is 0.7702, the average of the herb layer is 0.5319.15 plant community diversity. The overall trend of the index is the shrub layer arbor layer herb layer. (2) from the comparison of plant community types, the index data of the species diversity, richness and evenness of the small Nanshan country park are the artificial plant community of the natural plant community in the semi natural plant community, which indicates that the diversity of the semi natural plant community is the highest, and the community knot is the highest. The structure stability is the best, the natural plant community is the second, and the artificial plant community is the worst. (3) from the similarity coefficient of plant community, the similarity degree between the plant communities in the big and small Nanshan mountains is low, which indicates that the species diversity is higher in the whole region. The similarity with them is very low. This is related to plant species selection in plant allocation.3. plant landscape evaluation (1) from the total weight of plant landscape evaluation factors, the total weight of all evaluation factors is classified as species diversity, vegetation nature green view, plant health status, plant landscape and vegetation coverage of plant landscape with diverse ornamental characteristics In the standard layer, the ecological weight value is 0.8333, the ornamental weight value is 0.1667, the ecological weight value is larger than the ornamental weight value, which conforms to the ecological protection of the country park and the recreation and ornamental is supplemented. (2) from the results of the comprehensive evaluation of plant landscape. There are 4 plant landscapes for grade I, accounting for 26.67% of all plant communities, 5 of the second grade plant landscapes, 33.34% for all plant communities, and 3 of grade III and IV plant landscapes each, each of which accounts for 20%. of all plant communities.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：仲愷農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S688;TU986.5

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