本文選題：采煤塌陷區(qū) + 生態(tài)修復(fù)��； 參考：《東北林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：自人類社會進(jìn)入工業(yè)化時代以來,煤炭一直是支撐工業(yè)發(fā)展的主要能源。雖然隨著太陽能、風(fēng)能等再生能源的興起,煤炭逐漸被這些綠色環(huán)保的新能源所取代,但在舊工業(yè)時代煤炭資源開采過程中產(chǎn)生的種種問題卻遺留至今且越發(fā)凸顯。在我國,由于工業(yè)化的起步較晚,時至今日,電力、鋼鐵等許多重工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)在短時間內(nèi)仍然難以擺脫多煤炭的依賴。很多煤炭企業(yè)與地方政府只重視經(jīng)濟效益,輕視甚至忽視煤炭開采帶來的生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化,致使資源開采與土地保護(hù)之間的矛盾日益凸顯。而且,我國又是一個煤炭資源豐富的國家,據(jù)統(tǒng)計,約有8萬余個地方、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)煤礦礦點分布在我國109個縣。由于缺乏合理的開采計劃與開采后的保護(hù)措施,許多因煤而興的煤炭資源城市,在經(jīng)多年開采后,資源漸漸枯竭,城市發(fā)展缺乏后續(xù)力量,進(jìn)入衰退的境地,而開采造成的大片地表塌陷,又使得原有地貌發(fā)生巨大變化,土地等資源的破壞,當(dāng)?shù)刈訉O后代的生存空間都會受到嚴(yán)重威脅。作為豫東地區(qū)最大的無煙煤產(chǎn)地,河南省永城市自上世紀(jì)八十年代末開始,在經(jīng)二十多年的煤炭開采后,市郊與市區(qū)周邊多個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)形成了數(shù)個大大小小的采煤塌陷區(qū)域。為尋找一條能夠改善采煤塌陷區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境的有效途徑,本文以永城市東城區(qū)與西城區(qū)之間的城郊礦采煤塌陷區(qū)為例,展開以下研究：(1)以恢復(fù)生態(tài)學(xué)為理論基礎(chǔ),對近幾年來,塌陷區(qū)的地表變化、植被變化、生態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)變化作對比研究；(2)以城市生態(tài)學(xué)、城市規(guī)劃原理為理論基礎(chǔ),闡述塌陷區(qū)的出現(xiàn)對城市環(huán)境、城市發(fā)展的影響及利弊；(3)以景觀生態(tài)學(xué)為基礎(chǔ),并結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)卣鲗?dǎo)進(jìn)行的塌陷區(qū)改造工程,研究和論述以景觀手段修復(fù)塌陷區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境的可行性與實際效果。總結(jié)現(xiàn)階段存在的問題,提出合理有效的設(shè)想與建議。通過這些研究,探索出一條針恢復(fù)塌陷區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境的有效途徑,并提出關(guān)于塌陷區(qū)景觀營造的規(guī)劃設(shè)想,建立模型并一一闡述。
[Abstract]:Since the human society entered the industrial age, coal has been the main energy to support the industrial development. With the rise of renewable energy, such as solar energy and wind energy, coal is gradually replaced by these green and new energy, but in the old industrial era, all kinds of problems in the process of mining coal resources have been left behind and become more and more prominent. In China, due to the late start of industrialization, today, many heavy industries such as electricity, steel and so on are still unable to get rid of the dependence of more coal in a short period of time. Many coal enterprises and local governments only attach importance to economic benefits, despise or even ignore the deterioration of ecological environment brought by coal mining, which makes the contradiction between resource exploitation and land protection increasingly prominent. Moreover, China is a country rich in coal resources. According to statistics, there are more than 80,000 places, and the township coal mines are distributed in 109 counties in China. Due to the lack of reasonable mining plans and protection measures after mining, many coal resource cities that have developed because of coal have gradually dried up their resources after years of exploitation, and the urban development lacks the follow-up strength and has entered a state of decline. However, due to the collapse of large areas of land caused by mining, the original geomorphology has changed greatly, the destruction of land and other resources, and the living space of future generations will be seriously threatened. As the largest anthracite producing area in eastern Henan Province, Yongcheng City, Henan Province has been mining coal for more than 20 years since the end of 1980s. After more than 20 years of coal mining, several large and small coal mining collapse areas have been formed in the suburbs and many towns around the urban area. In order to find an effective way to improve the ecological environment of coal mining subsidence area, this paper takes the coal mining collapse area between Dongcheng District and Xicheng District of Yongcheng City as an example, carries out the following research: 1) based on the theory of restoration ecology, in recent years, On the basis of the theory of urban ecology and urban planning, it is expounded that the occurrence of subsided area is of great importance to the urban environment, so as to make a comparative study of the land surface change, vegetation change and ecological structure change in the subsidence area, on the basis of the theory of urban ecology and urban planning. Based on landscape ecology and combined with the reconstruction project of subsidence area led by local government, the feasibility and practical effect of restoring the ecological environment of subsided area by landscape method are studied and discussed. This paper summarizes the existing problems and puts forward reasonable and effective ideas and suggestions. Through these studies, an effective way to restore the ecological environment of the subsided area is explored, and the planning assumption of landscape construction in the subsided area is put forward, and the model is established and explained one by one.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X171.4;TU984.114

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：1863881