本文選題：白洋淀濕地 + 昆蟲多樣性　； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：白洋淀濕地是華北平原最大、最典型的淡水湖泊濕地,為京津冀地區(qū)的生態(tài)涵養(yǎng)保護(hù)提供了重要的支撐。但迄今為止,該濕地的昆蟲資源尚缺乏全面系統(tǒng)的研究報道,影響其生物多樣性的評估和資源的保護(hù)利用進(jìn)程。本項目于2012年6月開始至2014年10月結(jié)束,先后在白洋淀濕地采集昆蟲標(biāo)本近3萬件,獲得了分析和揭示其昆蟲多樣性的第一手資料鑒定�，F(xiàn)將有關(guān)研究結(jié)果總結(jié)如下:1、昆蟲物種多樣性。經(jīng)對標(biāo)本鑒定,初步得到白洋淀濕地昆蟲種類14目143科549屬715種,絕大部分為該地區(qū)新紀(jì)錄物種;該數(shù)據(jù)與國內(nèi)也已調(diào)查的濕地昆蟲多樣性比較,物種數(shù)量明顯較高。2、昆蟲區(qū)系組成特點。白洋淀濕地昆蟲世界和中國動物地理區(qū)中的分布,呈現(xiàn)如下顯著特點:(1)從世界動物地理區(qū)系分析,突出反映中日界+古北界共有成分,中日界+古北界+東洋界成分次之,而單純的中日界和其他跨界成分較少;(2)從中國動物地理區(qū)區(qū)系分析,純?nèi)A北區(qū)成分83種,占總物種數(shù)量的11.67%;全國廣布型成分73種,占10.27%;“華北區(qū)+東北區(qū)”、“華北區(qū)+華中區(qū)”和“華北區(qū)+蒙新區(qū)”分別為31種、37種和22種,占總種數(shù)的4.36%、5.20%和3.09%;其他分布類型所占比例較少;表明白洋淀濕地昆蟲多種區(qū)系成分存在,以華北區(qū)為主,與華中區(qū)和東北區(qū)的關(guān)系最為緊密,與蒙新區(qū)的關(guān)系次之。3、濕地昆蟲群落變化�；�2013年4月至9月燈下蛾類調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)分析,白洋淀濕地?zé)粝露觐?3科142種,以草螟科占據(jù)優(yōu)勢,夜蛾科和螟蛾科次之。白洋淀濕地的優(yōu)勢物種分別是:草螟科的褐萍塘水螟和棉塘水螟;夜蛾科的乏夜蛾、滑長須夜蛾和圓點夜蛾;燈下昆蟲群落多樣性隨時間動態(tài)變化規(guī)律:5月中旬(除少部分蛾類外),大部分蛾類均沒有出現(xiàn);6月上旬,開始大規(guī)模出現(xiàn);興盛期在8月上旬,8月下旬為衰退期。燈下蛾類物種組成與發(fā)生數(shù)量的種-多度關(guān)系分析:擬合曲線為y=7.63+73.20e(-0.68x),接近對數(shù)級數(shù)模型,表明白洋淀濕地?zé)粝露觐惾郝涞沫h(huán)境條件相對欠佳,物種相對較天然景觀要少,而優(yōu)勢種得到了發(fā)展,數(shù)量相對較多。4、水生昆蟲�？疾旃灿嫷玫�7目27科79屬109種,其中雙翅目、鞘翅目和蜻蜓目為主要優(yōu)勢類群,水生昆蟲以耐污類群居多,且常用于反應(yīng)優(yōu)質(zhì)水質(zhì)監(jiān)測指標(biāo)的EPT類群數(shù)量和種類均較少,其中毛翅目的巧妙長須石蛾Ecnomus tenellus、蜉蝣目的四節(jié)蜉科(Baetidae)和細(xì)蜉科(Caenidae)均為比較耐污的種類,均表明白洋淀濕地的水質(zhì)存在一定程度的污染。5、水生甲蟲資源及其發(fā)生情況。調(diào)查獲得該地區(qū)水生甲蟲7科25屬28種。牙甲科在燈下的最高值是7月上旬,龍虱科則在7月下旬,其他類群的發(fā)生主要集中在7月,但種群數(shù)量較少。6、昆蟲資源保護(hù)利用。將該地昆蟲資源劃分為傳粉昆蟲、天敵昆蟲、食用與藥用昆蟲、觀賞昆蟲4類,并對昆蟲資源與保護(hù)利用提出建議,以期為白洋淀濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的科學(xué)管理與保護(hù)提供基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Baiyangdian wetland is the largest and most typical freshwater lake wetland in North China Plain, which provides important support for ecological conservation and conservation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.So far, however, the insect resources of the wetland are still lack of comprehensive and systematic research reports, which affect the assessment of biodiversity and the conservation and utilization of the resources.From June 2012 to October 2014, nearly 30 000 insect specimens were collected from Baiyangdian wetland, and the firsthand data identification of insect diversity was obtained.The results are summarized as follows: 1, insect species diversity.The species of insect species in Baiyangdian wetland were 14 orders, 143 families, 549 genera and 715 species, most of which were newly recorded species in Baiyangdian wetland, and the diversity of insects in Baiyangdian wetland was compared with that in China.The number of species is obviously high. 2. 2, and the characteristics of insect fauna.The distribution of insects in Baiyangdian Wetland and the zoogeographic regions of China are as follows: (1) from the analysis of the faunal fauna of the world, it shows that there are common elements in the Palaearnorthern realm of the Middle Japan, followed by the East Sea in the Paleo-North of the Middle and the Japanese.However, only the Central and Japanese boundaries and other transboundary elements are relatively few.) from the fauna analysis of China's zoogeographic regions, 83 species of pure North China, accounting for 11.67% of the total number of species, 73 species, 10.27%, are widely distributed in the whole country, and "Northeast North China,"There are 31 species and 22 species in "Central China region of North China" and "Mongolian New area of North China", accounting for 4.365.20% and 3.09% of the total number of species, while the proportion of other distribution types is relatively small, indicating that there are many floristic components of insects in Baiyangdian Wetland, mainly in North China.It has the most close relationship with central China and northeast China, followed by Mengxin region. 3. The wetland insect community changes.Based on the survey data from April to September 2013, 142 species of Lymnidae belonging to 13 families in Baiyangdian Wetland were found. The dominant species were Hydrodae, followed by Noctuidae and Boreidae.The dominant species in Baiyangdian Wetland are: Brown Pine Pond Water Borer and Cotton Pond Water Borer, Noctuidae, Noctuidae, Noctuidae and Noctuidae.The variation of insect community diversity with time under lamp: in the middle of May (except for a few moths), most moths did not appear; in the first ten days of June, they began to appear on a large scale; the prosperous period was in the first ten days of August, and in the latter part of August it was the declining period.Species abundance analysis of the species composition and occurrence number of Lepidoptera: the fitting curve is yyz7.63 73.20e-1 -0.68x-1, which is close to the logarithmic series model, which indicates that the environmental conditions of the community are relatively poor, and the species are relatively less than the natural landscape in Baiyangdian Wetland.But the dominant species has been developed, the number of relatively large. 4, aquatic insects.A total of 109 species of 7 orders, 27 families, 79 genera, including Diptera, Coleoptera and dragonfly were found to be the dominant species. The majority of aquatic insects were fouling tolerant groups, and the number and species of EPT groups, which were often used to reflect the quality of water quality monitoring index, were few.Among them, Ecnomus tenellus, Baetidae and Caenidaeae are relatively resistant to pollution, indicating that the water quality of Baiyangdian wetland is polluted to a certain extent, aquatic beetle resources and their occurrence.A total of 28 species of aquatic beetles belonging to 25 genera and 7 families in this area were investigated.The highest value of Tooth beetle under lamp is in the first ten days of July, while in late July, the occurrence of other groups is mainly concentrated in July, but the population is less. 6, the insect resources are protected and utilized.The insect resources are divided into pollination insects, natural enemies insects, edible and medicinal insects and ornamental insects. Suggestions on insect resources and conservation and utilization are put forward in order to provide the basis for scientific management and protection of the wetland ecosystem in Baiyangdian.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：Q968

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