本文選題：污水處理 + 植物-SBR復合系統(tǒng)　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：污水處理過程中排放的CH_4、N_2O和CO2等氣體,是大氣中溫室氣體的主要來源之一。植物-活性污泥復合系統(tǒng)是一種耦合了除污植物與活性污泥工藝的景觀型污水處理工藝,具有出水水質好、景觀性佳、對周邊環(huán)境影響小等優(yōu)點。然而,對植物-活性污泥復合系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境效益,尤其是溫室氣體的排放特征及其減排的研究非常有限。本文對植物-活性污泥復合系統(tǒng)的溫室氣體排放特征及其關鍵影響因素進行了研究,進而分析了復合系統(tǒng)的減排效益與方法,為評價復合系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境綜合效益提供了實驗基礎與依據。研究了不同運行工況下植物-序批式生物反應器復合系統(tǒng)(V-SBR)的溫室氣體排放特征,并與傳統(tǒng)序批式生物反應器(SBR)和人工濕地進行了比較。結果表明,V-SBR和SBR中CH_4和N_2O的排放通量主要集中在好氧階段,人工濕地系統(tǒng)的排放通量則在中午12:00達到最大,且由進水端到出水端呈逐漸下降趨勢,表明其與表面負荷的顯著相關性。當在去除相同總碳當量下,人工濕地和SBR的甲烷排放量分別是V-SBR復合系統(tǒng)的49倍和1.3倍;當在去除相同的總氮當量下,人工濕地和SBR系統(tǒng)N_2O的排放量分別是V-SBR系統(tǒng)的21.6倍和1.16倍。考察了不同影響因素,包括進水C/N、溫度、曝氣量、水力停留時間(HRT)、污泥負荷、共存納米顆粒對V-SBR系統(tǒng)溫室氣體排放的影響。結果表明,CH_4的排放通量與進水C/N呈顯著正相關,而N_2O排放通量與進水C/N呈負相關。V-SBR和SBR中,CH_4和N_2O排放通量均隨著運行溫度的提高而增加。CH_4的排放通量受曝氣量的影響不顯著,而N_2O排放通量隨著曝氣量的增加而較少。當進水中納米銀與納米氧化鋅濃度分別高于1 mg/L與10 mg/L時,對溫室氣體的產生與通量開始產生影響,且隨著納米顆粒濃度的增加,其影響作用逐漸加強,原因主要是聚集于活性污泥表面的納米顆粒增加,導致微生物的活性減弱甚至死亡。水力停留時間對CH_4的排放通量的影響不顯著,而與N_2O排放通量的影響呈正相關;CH_4和N_2O排放通量都隨著污泥負荷的增加而增加;N_2O排放量隨AMO和HAO活性的增加而增加,原因是兩者可促進反應過程中亞硝酸鹽氮的產生與積累。利用PCR-DGGE、熒光定量PCR和高通量測序的方法對微生物群落結構和菌群的影響進行研究。結果表明,耦合植物后的懸浮污泥、根系污泥與傳統(tǒng)SBR系統(tǒng)中懸浮污泥微生物群落結構均有較大差異,但其主導菌群均為Proteobacteria。懸浮污泥與風車草根系微生物中的AOB豐度較高;V-SBR系統(tǒng)懸浮污泥中NOB豐度高,同時植物根系污泥中nir S型反硝化菌和古細菌含量也較高。較高的AOB和NOB含量較高會增加N_2O的產生量,而SBR中較高nir S型反硝化菌是其N_2O產生量較少的原因之一。兩個系統(tǒng)中古細菌的含量與甲烷的產生也有一定的相關性。結合溫室氣體通量結果,建立了SBR和V-SBR系統(tǒng)中碳氮平衡模型,對CH_4和N_2O的排放量進行了對比分析。計算結果表明,SBR和V-SBR系統(tǒng)CH_4的年排放量分別為2.56 kg/y和1.92 kg/y,N_2O的年排放量分別為0.049 kg/y和0.045 kg/y。與SBR系統(tǒng)相比,V-SBR系統(tǒng)CH_4和N_2O的減排量分別為0.64kg/y和0.004 kg/y。同時,V-ASP系統(tǒng)中還可通過調控的運行參數、影響因素和優(yōu)化植物配置等方法進一步減少溫室氣體的排放。
[Abstract]:Sewage treatment process of CH_4, N_2O and CO2 gas, is one of the main sources of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The plant activated sludge system is a coupling of the landscape type sewage treatment plant and decontamination process of activated sludge process, with good water quality, landscape is good, has the advantages of little impact on the surrounding environment however, the plant activated sludge system environmental benefits, especially on emission characteristics and the reduction of greenhouse gas emission is very limited. The plant activated sludge system of greenhouse gas emissions and the key influence factors were studied and analyzed with the method of emission reduction benefits of composite system and provides experiment the foundation and basis for the comprehensive evaluation of environmental benefits. The research on composite system under different operating conditions of plant - sequencing batch reactor (V-SBR) composite system of greenhouse gas emission characteristics And, with the traditional sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and artificial wetland were compared. The results show that the emission flux of CH_4 and N_2O in V-SBR and SBR mainly concentrated in the aerobic phase, the emission flux of artificial wetland system is 12:00 in the afternoon to reach the maximum, and from the water inlet to the water outlet end decreased gradually that showed a significant correlation with the surface load. When the removal of the same total carbon equivalent, methane emissions from wetlands and SBR were 49 times and 1.3 times of the V-SBR composite system; when the total nitrogen removal under the same equivalent emissions, artificial wetland system N_2O and SBR are 21.6 times V-SBR system and 1.16 times. The influence of different factors, including water temperature, C/N, aeration rate, hydraulic retention time (HRT), sludge load, effects of coexistent nanoparticles on greenhouse gas emission of the V-SBR system. The results show that the emission flux of CH_4 and influent C/N significantly With a positive correlation, and N_2O emission flux and inlet C/N was negatively related to.V-SBR and SBR, CH_4 and N_2O fluxes increased with the temperature increased.CH_4 emission flux by aeration was not significant, while the N_2O emission flux and less with the increase of aeration rate. When the concentration of silver nanoparticles and nano Zinc Oxide the water was higher than 1 mg/L and 10 mg/L, and the flux of greenhouse gases is beginning to have an effect, and with the increasing concentration of nano particles, the effect gradually strengthened, the main reason is the nano particles in the activated sludge surface is increased, leading to microbial activity decreased and even death. The influence on the flux of CH_4 emission of water the residence time was not significant, while the influence and N_2O flux was positively correlated; CH_4 and N_2O fluxes increased with increasing sludge loading; N_2O emissions increased with increasing AMO and HAO activity and The reason is the increase, can promote the production and accumulation of nitrite nitrogen in the reaction process. By using PCR-DGGE method, fluorescence quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing to study the effect of microbial community structure and flora. The results show that the suspended sludge coupling plant, different root sludge and traditional SBR system in suspended sludge microorganism the community structure has, but the dominant bacteria were AOB Proteobacteria. high abundance of suspended sludge and windmill roots in microorganisms; V-SBR system suspended sludge NOB in high abundance and plant roots in sludge NIR S denitrifying bacteria and archaea was also higher. Higher AOB and higher NOB content will increase the production of N_2O the amount of SBR, and high NIR S denitrifying bacteria is one of the reasons for the amount of N_2O produced less methane. And the content of the two systems of Archaea have certain correlation with. The greenhouse gas emission results, establish the balance of carbon and nitrogen model of SBR and V-SBR, on CH_4 and N_2O emissions are compared and analyzed. The calculation results show that the annual emissions of SBR and V-SBR CH_4 are 2.56 kg/y and 1.92 kg/y respectively, the annual emissions of N_2O were 0.049 kg/y and 0.045 kg/y. and SBR compared to V-SBR emission reduction system CH_4 and N_2O were 0.64kg/y and 0.004 kg/y. at the same time, the V-ASP system can also through controlling the operation parameters, method of factors and the optimization of plant disposition effect to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703;X16

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