本文選題：新疆阿爾泰山 + 植物區(qū)系組成��； 參考：《新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：全球突出普遍價(jià)值(outstanding universal value)是指文化和/或自然價(jià)值是如此罕見,超越了國(guó)家界限,對(duì)全人類的現(xiàn)在和未來均具有普遍的重要意義。全球突出普遍價(jià)值是世界遺產(chǎn)的核心價(jià)值,是決定一項(xiàng)遺產(chǎn)能否列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》的主要依據(jù)。阿爾泰山橫跨俄羅斯、哈薩克斯坦、中國(guó)和蒙古四個(gè)國(guó)家,位于阿爾泰-薩彥生態(tài)區(qū),是具有全球意義的生物多樣性中心區(qū)域之一,是許多特有、瀕危動(dòng)植物的主要分布區(qū)和避難所,對(duì)于研究中亞地區(qū)植被起源和演化過程具有重要的價(jià)值作用。新疆阿爾泰山代表了阿爾泰山南坡的主要部分,具有獨(dú)特的植物多樣性特點(diǎn)。本研究以新疆阿爾泰山野生植物及植被為對(duì)象,從物種多樣性、植物區(qū)系組成、植被類型及空間分布格局等方面,評(píng)估了新疆阿爾泰山植物多樣性的全球突出普遍價(jià)值。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)新疆阿爾泰山共有維管束植物105科530屬1494種,占阿爾泰山的維管束植物總數(shù)的72.9%,是阿爾泰山植物多樣性分布中心之一。(2)新疆阿爾泰山植物的寡種科、單種屬占有絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)。含50種以上的菊科Asteraceae、禾本科Gramineae和豆科Fabacea等10種優(yōu)勢(shì)科所包含的屬、種數(shù)分別占其總數(shù)的62.7%和51.4%。(3)新疆阿爾泰山在科和屬的水平上其地理分布區(qū)類型都最豐富,是阿爾泰山多種區(qū)系成分匯集、混雜和過渡的區(qū)域。既有耐冷濕的南泰加林成分也有較中生的溫帶成分,較阿爾泰山其它坡向的植物區(qū)系成分更加復(fù)雜、多樣,且具有明顯的過渡性。(4)新疆阿爾泰山有特有植物102種,其中一些特有種是阿爾泰山其它區(qū)域所不具備的,在植物多樣性組成中有著不可替代的地位。(5)在科和屬級(jí)水平上,新疆、俄羅斯、蒙古和哈薩克斯坦阿爾泰山植物區(qū)系之間的相似性系數(shù)都超過了50%,新疆阿爾泰山與其他三國(guó)阿爾泰山野生種子植物區(qū)系科、屬的相似性關(guān)系比其它三國(guó)阿爾泰山兩兩之間的要密切,是西伯利亞、泛北極、歐亞、北極-高山和蒙古等幾大生物區(qū)系的交流中心。(6)新疆阿爾泰山植被類型多樣,分布著8個(gè)植被型、18個(gè)植被亞型和50個(gè)群系。其中紅皮沙拐棗群系、博樂絹蒿、溝葉羊茅荒漠草原僅在新疆阿爾泰山分布,是阿爾泰山豐富的植被類型中的特殊類型。(7)新疆阿爾泰山處于全球暗針葉林、溫帶闊葉林和荒漠三大植被類型的交匯處。具有山地寒溫帶泰加林與中溫帶荒漠交錯(cuò)與過渡的明顯特征,在阿爾泰山的植被空間分布格局中具有唯一性和不可替代性。(8)新疆阿爾泰山發(fā)育了阿爾泰山南坡典型的7個(gè)植被垂直自然帶:冰川積雪帶、高山苔原帶、高山稀疏植被帶、高山草甸帶、亞高山草甸帶、森林草原帶、山地草原帶、荒漠草原帶,與阿爾泰山北坡的垂直自然帶譜共同構(gòu)成了阿爾泰山完整的垂直自然帶譜,成為整個(gè)阿爾泰山垂直景觀帶中不可或缺的一部分。
[Abstract]:The global outstanding universal value (outstanding universal value) refers to the cultural and / or natural value is so rare that transcends national boundaries, for all human beings now and in the future are the important common. The global outstanding universal value is the core value of world heritage, is the main basis for a decision to be included in the "World Heritage Heritage list >. Al Taishan across Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia China four countries, is located in the Altai Sayan ecological zone, is of global significance of biodiversity is one of the central areas, many endemic, endangered animals and plants in the main distribution area of refuge, has an important role for the value of vegetation origin and evolution Central Asia. Xinjiang's Taishan represents the main part of Al on the southern slope of Taishan, has the unique characteristics of plant diversity. In this study, the Xinjiang Altai mountain wild plant And vegetation as the object, from the species diversity, floristic composition, vegetation types and spatial distribution pattern, the evaluation of Xinjiang's Taishan plant diversity in the world outstanding universal value. The results are as follows: (1) Xinjiang, Taishan a total of 105 families of vascular plants in 530 genera and 1494 species, accounting for the total number of vascular plants al Taishan is one of the 72.9%, Al Taishan plant diversity distribution center. (2) Xinjiang's Taishan plant oligotypic families and single species genera occupy absolute advantage. More than 50 species of Compositae Gramineae and Leguminosae Asteraceae, Gramineae Fabacea and other 10 kinds of dominant families included genera, species accounted for the total number of 62.7% and 51.4%. (3) Xinjiang's Taishan in the family and genus level on the geographical distribution types are the most abundant, is al Taishan assemble diverse flora elements, hybrid and transition region. Both resistant to cold wet Southern taiga composition Have students more temperate, compared with other al Taishan slope to the flora is more complex, diverse, and has obvious transition. (4) Xinjiang's Taishan has 102 endemic species, some of which are endemic to Taishan's other regions do not have, in an irreplaceable position plant diversity. (5) in the family and genus level, Xinjiang, Russia, the similarity coefficient between Mongolia and Kazakhstan, the flora of Taishan are more than 50% plants in Xinjiang, Taishan and other three al al Taishan wild seed department, the similarity relationship between the other three al Taishan 22 to close, Siberia, the Arctic, alpine and Arctic Eurasia, Mongolia and other major biota exchange center. (6) Xinjiang, Taishan and diverse vegetation types, the distribution of the 8 vegetation types, 18 vegetation types and 50 sub groups Department of the red bole. Calligonum formation, Seriphidium, z.matrella fescue desert steppe in Xinjiang's Taishan distribution only, is a special type of vegetation types in Taishan. Al rich (7) Xinjiang, Taishan is a global dark coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest and temperate desert three major vegetation types with mountain cold temperate interchange. In temperate desert and taiga characterized with staggered transition, in the spatial distribution of vegetation pattern in Al Taishan is unique and irreplaceable. (8) Xinjiang's Taishan development al south slope of Taishan 7 typical vegetation vertical natural zones: snow capped mountains, alpine tundra, alpine sparse vegetation zone. Alpine meadow, subalpine meadow, forest steppe, mountain steppe, desert steppe, and Al Taishan's north slope natural vertical zone constitute the natural vertical bands of Al Taishan complete as a whole, Al An indispensable part of the vertical landscape belt in Taishan.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：Q948

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