本文選題：AM真菌　切入點：生物結皮　出處：《新疆大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：叢枝菌根真菌在自然界中分布十分的廣泛,它可與許多的高等植物共生形成叢枝菌根。AM真菌對植物群落的結構可以起到一定的調(diào)節(jié)作用,還可以對植物生物多樣性和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)力起到?jīng)Q定性作用,對維持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的功能和穩(wěn)定性有重要意義。而生物結皮是荒漠地區(qū)最具特色的微自然景觀,其結皮的形成對干旱區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)及生物多樣性、系統(tǒng)功能的維持以及植被演化過程都可以產(chǎn)生一定的影響。因此,在本文中將阜康區(qū)古爾班通古特沙漠不同植物群落下生物結皮的不同土壤層中AM真菌生物多樣性及其與三種不同植物群落密度、土壤因子的相關性,探討生物結皮層生物多樣性及其共生特性,可以進一步揭示生物結皮層結構與功能以及為荒漠化沙漠植被的恢復提供一定的實驗依據(jù)。具體結果如下:(1)從古爾班通古特沙漠的不同植物群落下的生物結皮層中分離出幾種不同的苔蘚類植物分別有刺葉墻蘚、銀葉真蘚、真蘚等幾種蘚類植物;地衣植物主要有蘚生雙緣衣、紅磷網(wǎng)衣等幾種地衣類植物;藻類植物主要是鞘絲異球藻、具鞘微鞘藻等藻類植物。然后在觀察結皮植物的莖葉過程中均出現(xiàn)了泡囊和菌絲,可是未在其結構中發(fā)現(xiàn)叢枝只是在蘚類植物的假根中偶爾能觀察到菌絲并且在蘚類植物體的周圍發(fā)現(xiàn)少量的AM真菌菌絲和孢子。(2)在古爾班通過特沙漠的AM真菌的種屬較少,應該說比較單一。在3種不同植物群落的不同土層中0-15cm的土壤中共分離鑒定出9種AM真菌,隸屬于3個屬,其中球囊霉屬(Glomus)6種,無梗囊霉屬(Acaulospora)2種,原囊霉屬(Achaeospora)1種。其中球囊霉屬的屬于優(yōu)勢屬。(3)在同一植物群落下有結皮和無結皮土壤中,以及有結皮不同土壤層中分布的真菌其種類及孢子密度有一定的差異。結皮層土壤、結皮層下土壤、無結皮植物根際土壤、無結皮無植被裸露土壤樣品中的真菌孢子密度和豐度的比較,它們的真菌孢子密度和豐富度由高到低值依次是:無結皮植物根際土壤結皮層下土壤結皮層土壤無結皮無植被裸露土壤。(4)在不同月份的梭梭植物群落、沙蒿植物群落和蛇麻黃植物群落上,真菌孢子密度、物種豐富度和香儂一威納指數(shù)均表現(xiàn)為8月最高,9月和7月次之。(5)土壤因子測試結果生物結皮層土壤的全磷、有效磷、全氮、堿解氮和有機質(zhì)都高于生物結皮層下土壤但不顯著,除了pH值低于結皮層下土壤。(6)不同月份、不同土壤層的真菌孢子密度、物種豐度以及多樣性指數(shù)與各種土壤因子有時能形成顯著相關關系,但是沒有形成一定的規(guī)律性。生物結皮群落種群密度與植物根際土真菌孢子密度有顯著相關性。
[Abstract]:Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are widely distributed in nature. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can form arbuscular mycorrhizal mycorrhizal mycorrhizal fungi with many higher plants to regulate the structure of plant community. It can also play a decisive role in plant biodiversity and ecosystem productivity, and it is important to maintain the function and stability of the ecosystem, which is the most characteristic micronatural landscape in desert areas. The formation of crusts can affect the ecosystem and biodiversity, the maintenance of system functions and the process of vegetation evolution in arid areas. In this paper, the biological diversity of AM fungi in different soil layers of different plant communities in Gulbantungut desert in Fukang region and its correlation with the density of three different plant communities and soil factors were studied. To explore the biological diversity and symbiotic characteristics of the biological crusts, It can further reveal the structure and function of biological crust and provide some experimental basis for the restoration of vegetation in desertification desert. The specific results are as follows: 1) Biocrit under different plant communities in Guerbantungott Desert. Several different species of mosses were isolated from this plant. Several species of mosses, such as bryophytes, bryophytes, etc.; lichens are mainly bryophytes, red phosphorus netting, and so on; algae are mainly sphingosporium, The vesicles and hyphae appeared in the process of observing the stems and leaves of the bark plants. But no arbuscular branches were found in its structure. Only occasionally hyphae was observed in the pseudroot of mosses and a small amount of AM fungal hyphae and spores were found around mosses.) there are fewer species of AM fungi in Gulban through the desert. Nine species of AM fungi belonging to 3 genera were isolated and identified in different soil layers of three different plant communities, including 6 species of Glomus and 2 species of Acaulospora. One species of Achaeospora is found in the genus Achaeospora, in which the genus Ballosae belongs to the dominant genus. 3) in the same plant community, the species and spore density of fungi distributed in different soil layers and in the same plant community are different. Comparison of fungal spore density and abundance in subcortical soil, rhizosphere soil of actinomycetes, and bare soil samples without crust and vegetation. The spore density and abundance of fungi in order from high to low are: rhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil, no crust soil, no vegetation, bare soil, bare soil of amoxylon ammodendron in different months, and the plant community of Haloxylon ammodendron in different months. In Artemisia annua community and Ephedra equisetifolia community, fungal spore density, species richness and Shannon Weiner index were the highest in August, followed by soil factor test in September and July. Total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and organic matter were higher than those in subcortical soil, but not significant, except that pH value was lower than that in subcortical soil.) in different months, the spore density of fungi in different soil layers was higher than that in subcortical soil. Species abundance and diversity index sometimes have a significant correlation with various soil factors, but there is no regularity. There is a significant correlation between the population density of biological crust community and the spore density of plant rhizosphere fungi.
【學位授予單位】：新疆大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q948.122.3

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