本文關(guān)鍵詞：銀川盆地土地變化與景觀生態(tài)安全動態(tài)分析　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： GIS與RS 土地利用變化 景觀生態(tài)安全 銀川盆地

【摘要】：生態(tài)環(huán)境是人們賴以生存和社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。土地利用和覆蓋變化與人類發(fā)展關(guān)系密切,直接或間接的影響生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)循環(huán)和能量交換,同時也關(guān)系到人類社會的穩(wěn)定。人地矛盾和生態(tài)環(huán)境與人類發(fā)展矛盾日益突出,由此引發(fā)的生態(tài)問題已嚴(yán)重威脅人類社會經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。景觀是人類經(jīng)濟活動的資源和開發(fā)利用對象,景觀類型具有區(qū)域性和累積性的特征,直觀地反映在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和組成的特征,景觀變化也反映了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)變化過程,并影響生態(tài)安全。研究土地利用變化對景觀生態(tài)安全的影響,有利于了解人類活動對生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響,為制定可持續(xù)發(fā)展的土地政策和措施提供參考。銀川盆地是寧夏政治、經(jīng)濟、文化的中心,是黃河流域中上游地區(qū)主要的工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)基地,同時又是帶動周邊地區(qū)發(fā)展的重要地區(qū)。隨著銀川盆地經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展,生態(tài)環(huán)境問題日益突出。本文首先通過解譯遙感影像獲取三年銀川盆地土地利用數(shù)據(jù),分析土地利用變化情況。其次獲取各網(wǎng)格的景觀格局指數(shù)、植被覆蓋度和土壤侵蝕度,構(gòu)建景觀生態(tài)安全度,計算不同時期銀川盆地的景觀生態(tài)安全。最后選擇土地利用程度綜合指數(shù)、綜合土地利用類型動態(tài)度和基于植被修正的燈光城市指數(shù)分析土地利用變化、人口經(jīng)濟發(fā)展對景觀生態(tài)安全的影響,并提出合理化建議。主要結(jié)論如下：(1)研究時段內(nèi)銀川盆地建設(shè)用地急劇擴張,增加32726.97hm2,林地增長較快,增加27365.58hm2,草地、耕地和未利用地有不同程度的減少,分別減少49691.07hm2、9045hm2和5229.18hm2,水體基本保持不變。銀川盆地以耕地和草地比重占優(yōu),其次是建設(shè)用地和林地,水體和未利用地比重最小。從轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣上看,耕地、林地和草地之間的轉(zhuǎn)換最為劇烈。土地利用程度綜合指數(shù)方面,以銀川市區(qū)(西夏區(qū)和金鳳區(qū))和石嘴山市區(qū)(大武口區(qū))變化最為劇烈,主要原因歸功于建設(shè)用地的增加。(2)銀川盆地的景觀生態(tài)安全度相對較高,區(qū)域差異較大,西部賀蘭山部分較低,盆地平原地區(qū)較高,中部和南部有逐漸升高的趨勢,北部有下降的趨勢。2001-2012年景觀生態(tài)安全度低等級網(wǎng)格的比例有所減少,較低和一般等級的比例先減后增,較高等級的比例先增后減,高等級的比例明顯增加,生態(tài)環(huán)境呈現(xiàn)較好的發(fā)展趨勢。(3)研究區(qū)景觀生態(tài)安全度在空間上存在正相關(guān)關(guān)系且空間全局自相關(guān)較顯著,呈現(xiàn)較強的集聚現(xiàn)象,集聚態(tài)勢先減后增,有一定的波動性,集聚模式主要為高值區(qū)集聚和低值區(qū)集聚的正相關(guān)空間關(guān)聯(lián)模式。局部自相關(guān)方面,賀蘭山部分呈現(xiàn)低值區(qū)集聚,顯著性達到0.01,高值區(qū)集聚主要分布在盆地的中部和南部,內(nèi)部的顯著性可達0.01,外圍一般為0.05。(4)土地利用變化與景觀生態(tài)安全密切相關(guān),景觀生態(tài)安全度較低的地區(qū)土地利用程度也較低,隨著土地利用程度的增加,景觀生態(tài)安全度不斷上升,但是達到一定程度后,隨著土地利用程度增加,景觀生態(tài)安全度反而降低。綜合土地利用類型動態(tài)度反映了土地利用變化的快慢,其值越高對景觀生態(tài)安全的影響越劇烈,但是影響的方向是不確定的。(5)不同土地轉(zhuǎn)移類型對景觀生態(tài)安全影響不同。林地的增加往往能夠提高景觀生態(tài)安全度,耕地擴張過程中建設(shè)用地或草地的比例增加會降低景觀生態(tài)安全度,大面積的植草過程中建設(shè)用地的比例增加也會降低景觀生態(tài)安全度,建設(shè)用地擴張的同時保證一定數(shù)量的林地和草地建設(shè)有利于提高景觀生態(tài)安全度。(6)景觀生態(tài)安全受人口、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展影響,隨著人口的擴張和經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展生態(tài)環(huán)境逐步改善,與土地利用程度相似的是達到一定程度后,隨著人口、經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展生態(tài)環(huán)境呈惡化趨勢。
[Abstract]:The ecological environment is the foundation for people's survival and the development of social economy. The close relationship between land use and land cover change and human development, material circulation and energy effects of ecosystem directly or indirectly to the exchange, but also related to the human society. The contradiction between people and land conflicts and the ecological environment and human development have become increasingly prominent, the ecological problems the cause has been a serious threat to the sustainable development of human society and economy. The development and utilization of resources and landscape is the object of human economic activities, the landscape type has the characteristics of regional and cumulative, directly reflected in the ecological system of the structure and composition of the characteristics of landscape change also reflects changes in ecosystem processes, and the influence of ecological security. Study on land use change of landscape ecological security, is conducive to understanding the impact of human activities on the ecological environment, for the sustainable development of land policy And measures for reference. Yinchuan basin in Ningxia is the political, economic and cultural center, is the main industry in the upper reaches of the Yellow River River Basin, agricultural production base, and it is also an important area to promote the development of surrounding areas. With the development of economy of Yinchuan basin, ecological and environmental problems have become increasingly prominent. Firstly, through the interpretation of remote sensing image acquisition three years of Yinchuan basin land use data, land use change analysis. Secondly get the landscape pattern index of each grid, vegetation coverage and soil erosion degree, the construction of landscape ecological security degree, calculation of landscape ecological security in different periods in Yinchuan basin. The final choice of the comprehensive index of land use degree, comprehensive land use dynamic degree and vegetation correction the lights of the city index based on the analysis of land use change, the impact of population on the economic development of landscape ecological security, and puts forward some reasonable suggestions. Conclusions are as follows: (1) the study period in Yinchuan basin construction land expansion, increase forest growth, increase 32726.97hm2, 27365.58hm2, grassland, cultivated land and unused land have different degrees of reduction, reduction of 49691.07hm29045hm2 and 5229.18hm2 respectively, the water remained unchanged. The Yinchuan basin in the proportion of cultivated land and grassland dominated, followed by construction land and forest land, water and unused land. The minimum proportion from the transfer matrix perspective, conversion between cultivated land, woodland and grassland is the most severe. The comprehensive index of land use degree, in the urban area of Yinchuan (Xixia district and Jinfeng district and Shizuishan city) (Dawukou District) change is the most dramatic, mainly due to the the increase of construction land. (2) Yinchuan basin landscape ecological security degree is relatively high, large regional differences, the western part of Helan mountain is relatively low, high basin, central and southern gradually Increasing trend, a downward trend in.2001-2012 landscape ecological security degree of low grade grid north of the decrease in the proportion of low proportion and general level decreased first and then increased, a higher proportion of first increased and then decreased, significantly increased the proportion of high level, the ecological environment is a good development trend. (3) the study area landscape ecological security degree in space there is a positive correlation between space and global self more significant correlation, showing strong agglomeration, the agglomeration trend of first decrease and then increase, the volatility of the cluster model for the main area of high value and low value area agglomeration clustering is positively related to spatial association mode. Local autocorrelation. Helan mountain shows low value area agglomeration significantly reached 0.01, the high value area of agglomeration is mainly distributed in the central and southern basin, was up to 0.01 inside, periphery is 0.05. (4) land use change and ecological security. Closely related to land use degree, landscape ecological security degree lower and lower, with the increase of land use degree, landscape ecological security degree rise, but to a certain extent, with the increase of the degree of land use, landscape ecological security degree decreased. The comprehensive land use dynamic degree reflects the land use change speed and the higher the value of landscape ecological security influence is fiercer, but the effect is uncertain. (5) the impact of the transfer of different land types on landscape ecological security. The increase of forest land can often improve landscape ecological security, land or grassland will reduce the increase in the proportion of landscape ecological security construction land expansion in the process, the ratio of land increased will also reduce the landscape ecological security construction in the process of planting a large area at the same time, the expansion of construction land to ensure a certain amount of forest land and grassland The construction is conducive to improve the landscape ecological security degree. (6) the landscape ecological security by the population, the influence of economic development, with the development of ecological environment and population expansion of the economy gradually improved, and the degree of land use is similar to a certain extent, with the population, the economic development of the ecological environment was deteriorating.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P901;F301.2

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