【摘要】：國內(nèi)外基于《現(xiàn)》5的研究和植物詞的研究興起時(shí)間都不長，把二者的最新研究成果結(jié)合在一起并進(jìn)行開拓性研究的只有鄭燕萍、曹煒的《關(guān)于現(xiàn)代漢語植物詞基本特征的計(jì)量考察——兼論《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》第5版在植物詞的詮釋中存在的問題》（2008）一篇論文，這篇論文中的一些數(shù)據(jù)存在錯(cuò)誤，本研究試圖改正這些錯(cuò)誤，并在植物詞的分類及植物詞的詞義引申方面進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的探討。 本研究采用經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)法、計(jì)量考察法、意象圖式法、分析與歸納相結(jié)合的方法對(duì)《現(xiàn)》5中1198個(gè)植物詞進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究。在植物詞語分類、植物詞語音特點(diǎn)歸納、植物詞構(gòu)詞語素及結(jié)構(gòu)方式上特點(diǎn)整理、植物詞詞義引申的認(rèn)知研究四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行細(xì)致研究，并對(duì)植物詞的發(fā)展趨勢做了初步的預(yù)測，為《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》的修訂提出了一些參考意見。本研究的總體結(jié)論如下： 1.本研究認(rèn)為植物詞可以根據(jù)植物命名特點(diǎn)較為清晰的分為同體同名、同體合稱、同實(shí)異名、同詞異物四類。這四類詞各有突出的特點(diǎn)。 2.現(xiàn)代漢語植物詞的結(jié)構(gòu)有雙音化的傾向。遺傳因素在雙音節(jié)植物詞和多音節(jié)植物詞中都占有重要地位，多音節(jié)植物詞中非遺傳因素的影響力比雙音節(jié)植物詞大一些。 3.植物詞所呈現(xiàn)的與現(xiàn)代漢語口語詞及書面詞都不同的構(gòu)詞語素及結(jié)構(gòu)方式上的特點(diǎn)是植物詞所特有的，這是因?yàn)橹参镌~多為術(shù)語，因而其產(chǎn)生具有特殊性。 4.植物詞詞義引申的途徑有轉(zhuǎn)喻和隱喻兩種，其中通過轉(zhuǎn)喻產(chǎn)生引申的為數(shù)眾多。植物詞詞義引申的類型可以歸納為部分—整體意象圖式和連接圖式兩類。植物詞的詞義引申折射出人類的認(rèn)知能力狀態(tài)隨著詞義項(xiàng)的增多而增強(qiáng)，人類的認(rèn)知順序是從植物整體或部分的單一視角開始，進(jìn)而發(fā)展到雙視角認(rèn)識(shí)事物，最后發(fā)展到認(rèn)識(shí)抽象事物。植物詞的擴(kuò)大引申與縮小引申的出現(xiàn)是人類認(rèn)知能力提高的體現(xiàn)，具體體現(xiàn)為人類聯(lián)想能力的提高；植物詞的轉(zhuǎn)移引申的出現(xiàn)是人類認(rèn)知能力進(jìn)一步提高的體現(xiàn)，，具體體現(xiàn)為人類想象能力的提高。 5.高頻率使用的植物詞語的發(fā)展趨勢是擴(kuò)大到一個(gè)數(shù)量后趨于穩(wěn)定，不再擴(kuò)大。低頻率使用的植物詞語的發(fā)展趨勢是縮小到一個(gè)數(shù)量后趨于穩(wěn)定，不再縮小�，F(xiàn)階段，植物詞的使用仍是在高頻使用的植物詞擴(kuò)大及低頻使用的植物詞縮小的進(jìn)程中。
[Abstract]:The research based on "present" 5 at home and abroad and the research on plant words have not been rising for a long time. Zheng Yanping is the only one who combines the latest research results of the two and carries on the pioneering research. Cao Wei's Metrological study on the basic characteristics of Plant words in Modern Chinese-also on the problems existing in the interpretation of Plant words in the 5th Edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary. (2008) A paper in which some of the data in this paper are wrong. This study attempts to correct these mistakes and make further discussions on the classification of plant words and the extension of the meaning of plant words. In this study, 1198 plant words in present 5 were systematically studied by means of empirical summary, econometric investigation, image schema, analysis and induction. This paper makes a detailed study on the classification of plant words, the induction of phonetic characteristics of plant words, the collation of morphemes and structural patterns of plant words, and the cognitive research on the extension of plant word meaning, and makes a preliminary prediction of the development trend of plant words. Some reference suggestions are put forward for the revision of Modern Chinese Dictionary. The overall conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. According to the characteristics of plant nomenclature, plant words can be divided into four categories: homonymy, synonymous, homonym and foreign body. Each of these four types of words has its own outstanding characteristics. two銆

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