漢語專名詞語系統(tǒng)及其在詞匯系統(tǒng)中的層級性分布
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-28 16:05
【摘要】：專名詞語的數(shù)量十分龐大，，是漢語詞匯系統(tǒng)中一個(gè)比較特殊的詞匯類聚。本研究以現(xiàn)代漢語專名詞語為對象，在系統(tǒng)論觀點(diǎn)的指導(dǎo)下，從語言詞匯的宏觀視野出發(fā)，建立和描述漢語專名系統(tǒng)的整體框架。并在此基礎(chǔ)上，對專名詞語的意義和用法進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的分析和概括，從而構(gòu)建出漢語專名詞語的層級性體系。 在一種語言的詞匯系統(tǒng)中，專名詞語是與一般的普通詞語相對而言的。對于二者的區(qū)別可以從多個(gè)角度進(jìn)行比較研究，如果從詞匯學(xué)的角度出發(fā)，二者的本質(zhì)區(qū)別表現(xiàn)在語義上是否具有特指性這一關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)上。在明確了研究對象的所指的基礎(chǔ)上，本研究試圖闡述和分析漢語專名詞語系統(tǒng)的全貌。 通過我們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：專名詞語系統(tǒng)雖然龐雜，但并非無章無序。從構(gòu)成單位上看，主要由兩級語言單位構(gòu)成，分別是專有名詞和專用短語。再進(jìn)一步分析專名系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)部，其分類又是具有層次性的。如果按照專名詞語所指稱的對象是否具有生命這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我們首先把專名詞語分為生命類專名詞語和非生命類專名詞語。這種分類的科學(xué)性在于，兩個(gè)類別的劃分涵蓋了所有的專名詞語。這兩大類專名詞語又有各自的下位分類。生命類專名詞語包括人名、網(wǎng)名、動(dòng)物名和神仙鬼怪名等。非生命類專名詞語的下位分類更加繁復(fù)，其第一級下位分類是自然類專名詞語和社會(huì)類專名詞語。 專名詞語的命名并不是一個(gè)非常簡單的以名指物的過程。不同類型的專名詞語在命名過程中存在著不同的要求，以專名詞語的整體為研究對象，其在命名中應(yīng)遵循的原則可以概括為：必要性原則、區(qū)別性原則、大眾化原則和審美性原則。專名詞語的命名方法有：寓意命名法、諧音命名法、專名移用命名法和數(shù)字命名法等。 專名詞語是一種語言現(xiàn)象，也是一種人類社會(huì)普遍存在的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。專名詞語的社會(huì)文化屬性主要表現(xiàn)為：民族性、區(qū)域性和時(shí)代性。 本研究在分析專名詞語意義的基礎(chǔ)上完成了漢語專名詞語層級性體系的構(gòu)建。在專名詞語顯著度理論和專名泛化的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻機(jī)制的理論支持下，按照專名詞語與一般的普通詞語的距離遠(yuǎn)近這個(gè)判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，把專名詞語系統(tǒng)分為專名詞語基礎(chǔ)層、專名詞語中間層和專名詞語擴(kuò)展層。如果一個(gè)專名詞語只具有指稱某個(gè)特定的人或事物的專指意義，這樣的專名詞語距離普通詞語的距離最遠(yuǎn)，那么它就處于專名詞語的基本層級，由這樣的專名詞語聚合在一起就構(gòu)成了專名詞語體系的基礎(chǔ)層。處于基礎(chǔ)層的專名詞語具有意義的單一性、指稱的唯一性和命名的趨同性等性質(zhì)特征。如果一個(gè)專名詞語除了具有專指意義外，還具有一般普通詞語那樣的泛指意義，這樣的專名詞語因?yàn)楂@得了普通詞語的泛指意義而距離普通詞語就更近了一步，此種專名詞語聚合在一起構(gòu)成了專名詞語體系的中間層。中間層專名詞語的性質(zhì)特征表現(xiàn)為意義的雙重性和指稱的分指性。處于專名系統(tǒng)最外層的擴(kuò)展層專名詞語距離普通詞語最近，從形成上看，它們原本就是普通詞語，由于語言使用者為了命名的需要而將其固化為書名、篇名、雜志名、電影電視名、歌曲名等專名詞語。擴(kuò)展層的專名詞語突出的性質(zhì)特征是意義的有理性和結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣性。此外，各個(gè)層級專名詞語的范圍和語用功能也是有所區(qū)別的。 專名詞語的詞典收錄體現(xiàn)了詞匯學(xué)與詞典學(xué)的交叉關(guān)系。本研究嘗試對專名詞典進(jìn)行分類，并綜合概括綜合性詞典和語文類詞典專名詞語收錄的情況。最后著力對《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》第5版收錄的專名詞語進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)和分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)其存在的個(gè)別問題，試圖對規(guī)范型語文類詞典的專名詞語收錄有一個(gè)全面而深入的認(rèn)識(shí)和把握。
[Abstract]:The number of special words is very large, which is a relatively special kind of vocabulary in the Chinese vocabulary system. This study, under the guidance of system theory, sets up and describes the overall framework of Chinese special-name system under the guidance of system theory. On this basis, the meaning and usage of the special-name words are further analyzed and summarized, so as to construct the hierarchical system of the Chinese special-name words. In a language-based vocabulary system, a special term is a relatively general term, The difference between them can be compared and studied from a plurality of angles, and if from the perspective of lexicology, the essential difference of the two is the key point in the meaning of the semantic meaning. On the basis of defining the meaning of the study object, the present study attempts to set forth and analyze the full-length Chinese word system. As a result of our study, the special-name system, though complex, is not free It is composed of two-level language units, which are special and special. a phrase is used to further analyze the interior of a special-name system, which is classified and has a layer Second, if the subject referred to in the terms of a particular name has the standard of life, we first divide the term of the exclusive name into the word of life and the non-life-class. The scientific nature of this classification is that the division of the two categories covers all the specific categories The two broad-name terms have their own The word of life includes a name, a net name, an animal name, and a fairy ghost. The lower-level classification of non-life-specific words is more complicated, and its first-level lower-level classification is a kind of natural-class special-name and social-class. The name of a particular word is not a very simple name The process of referring to the object. Different types of special names have different requirements in the naming process, and the whole of the special words is the research object. The principles that should be followed in the naming can be summarized as the necessity principle, the basic principle, the popularization principle and the popularization principle. Aesthetic principle. The naming method of the special word is: the meaning naming method, the homophonic naming method, the name method and the number of the special names. The word name method is a kind of language phenomenon, it is also a kind of human society. The social phenomenon of the special word is mainly characterized by the nationality, The study, based on the analysis of the meaning of the special words, has finished the term of Chinese The construction of the language-level system. Under the theoretical support of the metaphorical and metonymy mechanism of the special-name word significance theory and the special-name generalization, the special-name word system is divided into a special-name base layer and a special-name word middle according to the judgment standard of the distance between the special-name word and the general common word. An extension of a layer and a special word. If a single word has only a specific meaning of a particular person or thing, such a special term is the most distant from a common word, then it is The basic level of a full-name term, which is aggregated together by such special-name words, constitutes a special purpose The base layer of the word system. The special word in the base layer has the meaning, the uniqueness and the naming. The characteristic of the same-sex character of the same-sex. If a special word has the meaning of the general term, it also has the general meaning of the general term, so the special-name word is the distance to the general meaning of the ordinary word. It is a step closer to the word-to-word, which is aggregated together to form a special purpose. The middle layer of a word system. The property of the middle-layer special-name word is the two of the meaning. Multiplicity and the point of reference of the allegations. The most out-of-the-layer extension of the special-name system is the closest to the general term. From the viewpoint of the formation, they are the ordinary words, and they can be cured into the title, the title, the title, the magazine name, the film television name, A special word, such as a song name. The characteristic feature of the special word of the extended layer is of significance. The diversity of reason and structure. The function is also different. The dictionary of the full-name word reflects the word The cross-relation between the lexicology and the lexicography. The study attempts to classify the special dictionary and generalizes the comprehensive dictionary and the Chinese language. In the end, the author makes statistics and analysis on the specific words included in the Modern Chinese Dictionary and the 5th edition, and finds out the individual problems in the dictionary, and tries to include one of the special words in the standard Chinese dictionary.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H136
本文編號(hào)：2487185
[Abstract]:The number of special words is very large, which is a relatively special kind of vocabulary in the Chinese vocabulary system. This study, under the guidance of system theory, sets up and describes the overall framework of Chinese special-name system under the guidance of system theory. On this basis, the meaning and usage of the special-name words are further analyzed and summarized, so as to construct the hierarchical system of the Chinese special-name words. In a language-based vocabulary system, a special term is a relatively general term, The difference between them can be compared and studied from a plurality of angles, and if from the perspective of lexicology, the essential difference of the two is the key point in the meaning of the semantic meaning. On the basis of defining the meaning of the study object, the present study attempts to set forth and analyze the full-length Chinese word system. As a result of our study, the special-name system, though complex, is not free It is composed of two-level language units, which are special and special. a phrase is used to further analyze the interior of a special-name system, which is classified and has a layer Second, if the subject referred to in the terms of a particular name has the standard of life, we first divide the term of the exclusive name into the word of life and the non-life-class. The scientific nature of this classification is that the division of the two categories covers all the specific categories The two broad-name terms have their own The word of life includes a name, a net name, an animal name, and a fairy ghost. The lower-level classification of non-life-specific words is more complicated, and its first-level lower-level classification is a kind of natural-class special-name and social-class. The name of a particular word is not a very simple name The process of referring to the object. Different types of special names have different requirements in the naming process, and the whole of the special words is the research object. The principles that should be followed in the naming can be summarized as the necessity principle, the basic principle, the popularization principle and the popularization principle. Aesthetic principle. The naming method of the special word is: the meaning naming method, the homophonic naming method, the name method and the number of the special names. The word name method is a kind of language phenomenon, it is also a kind of human society. The social phenomenon of the special word is mainly characterized by the nationality, The study, based on the analysis of the meaning of the special words, has finished the term of Chinese The construction of the language-level system. Under the theoretical support of the metaphorical and metonymy mechanism of the special-name word significance theory and the special-name generalization, the special-name word system is divided into a special-name base layer and a special-name word middle according to the judgment standard of the distance between the special-name word and the general common word. An extension of a layer and a special word. If a single word has only a specific meaning of a particular person or thing, such a special term is the most distant from a common word, then it is The basic level of a full-name term, which is aggregated together by such special-name words, constitutes a special purpose The base layer of the word system. The special word in the base layer has the meaning, the uniqueness and the naming. The characteristic of the same-sex character of the same-sex. If a special word has the meaning of the general term, it also has the general meaning of the general term, so the special-name word is the distance to the general meaning of the ordinary word. It is a step closer to the word-to-word, which is aggregated together to form a special purpose. The middle layer of a word system. The property of the middle-layer special-name word is the two of the meaning. Multiplicity and the point of reference of the allegations. The most out-of-the-layer extension of the special-name system is the closest to the general term. From the viewpoint of the formation, they are the ordinary words, and they can be cured into the title, the title, the title, the magazine name, the film television name, A special word, such as a song name. The characteristic feature of the special word of the extended layer is of significance. The diversity of reason and structure. The function is also different. The dictionary of the full-name word reflects the word The cross-relation between the lexicology and the lexicography. The study attempts to classify the special dictionary and generalizes the comprehensive dictionary and the Chinese language. In the end, the author makes statistics and analysis on the specific words included in the Modern Chinese Dictionary and the 5th edition, and finds out the individual problems in the dictionary, and tries to include one of the special words in the standard Chinese dictionary.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H136
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