發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-25 03:47

【摘要】：本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上，采用共時(shí)與歷時(shí)相結(jié)合的研究方法，對現(xiàn)代漢語“（是）……的”類句式中的一個(gè)特殊小類——“（是）SVO的”句式進(jìn)行了多方探討。 除緒論外，本文第一章著重描寫了“（是）SVO的”句式的共時(shí)平面特點(diǎn)。我們從句法與語義兩方面對該句式進(jìn)行了探討。句法上我們首先從整體上對該句式進(jìn)行了一個(gè)概說，然后對焦點(diǎn)標(biāo)記“是”與句末語氣詞“的”的句法屬性及其相互關(guān)系進(jìn)行了探討，最后分析了動(dòng)詞V與賓語O的句法特征。語義上我們主要探討了該句式對責(zé)任者的確認(rèn)作用及其已然義特性。在共時(shí)描寫時(shí)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)該句式在現(xiàn)代漢語中的使用頻率并不高，且動(dòng)詞V與賓語O之間沒有典型的“動(dòng)作-受事”關(guān)系。另外，該句式中的“（是）……的”結(jié)構(gòu)也不穩(wěn)固，，作為語氣詞的“的”可以被其他的語氣詞替代。這些特征似乎表明該句式在現(xiàn)代漢語中還未完全成熟。關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)我們將在第三章從歷時(shí)的角度加以證明。 第二章我們對比了與“（是）SVO的”句式形式上比較接近的“（是）SV的O”句式，以期能更加彰顯“（是）SVO的”的獨(dú)特屬性。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)二者在動(dòng)詞V與賓語O的關(guān)系、“是”與“的”的關(guān)系、句式的話題銜接功能這幾個(gè)方面有所不同。這些不同點(diǎn)使我們傾向于認(rèn)為“（是）SV的O”句式在現(xiàn)代漢語中要比“（是）SVO的”句式成熟得多，因?yàn)槠浞N種句法表現(xiàn)都趨于穩(wěn)固。 第三章從歷時(shí)的角度對該句式的語法化形成過程進(jìn)行了一個(gè)考察。我們認(rèn)為“（是）SVO的”句式最早起源于唐宋時(shí)期的判斷句，經(jīng)過“是”的焦點(diǎn)化、定語小句句法地位的上升、話題主語NP的省略、動(dòng)詞V的不及物化等過程，在明清時(shí)期才最終成型。從形成時(shí)間上來看，“（是）SVO的”句式要比其他“（是）……的”類句式晚得多。即使在該句式末期的明清時(shí)期，其使用頻率也不高，動(dòng)詞V與賓語O之間也未發(fā)展成典型的“動(dòng)作-受事”關(guān)系。這種種非典型的特征使得“（是）SVO的”句式顯示出一種未完全成熟的狀態(tài)。這樣，我們就從歷時(shí)的角度解釋了“（是）SVO的”句式的共時(shí)特點(diǎn)。 最后一章對本文的研究進(jìn)行了一個(gè)總結(jié)，包括理論與方法上的不足。
[Abstract]:On the basis of previous studies, this paper adopts the combination of synchronic and diachronic research methods to study modern Chinese. The sentence pattern of "(yes) SVO", a special small class in the class sentence pattern, is discussed in many ways. In addition to the introduction, the first chapter of this paper focuses on the synchronic plane characteristics of "(yes) SVO" sentence. We discuss the sentence pattern from both syntactic and semantic aspects. Syntactically, we first give an overview of the sentence pattern as a whole, then discuss the syntactic attributes of the focus mark "is" and the modal words at the end of the sentence, and finally analyze the syntactic features of the verb V and the object O. In semantics, we mainly discuss the confirmation effect of the sentence pattern on the responsible person and its semantic characteristics. In synchronic description, we find that the frequency of use of the sentence pattern in modern Chinese is not high, and there is no typical "action-acceptance" relationship between verb V and object O. In addition, the "(yes)" in the sentence pattern. As modal words, they can be replaced by other mood words. These characteristics seem to indicate that the sentence pattern is not yet fully mature in modern Chinese. We will prove this in Chapter three from a diachronic point of view. In the second chapter, we compare the O "sentence pattern of SV, which is close to the sentence pattern of" (yes) SVO ", in order to highlight the unique attribute of" (yes) SVO ". We find that the relationship between verb V and object O, the relationship between "yes and", and the topic cohesion function of sentence pattern are different. These differences make us tend to think that the "(yes) SV O" sentence pattern is much more mature in modern Chinese than the "(yes) SVO" sentence pattern, because its various syntactic expressions tend to be stable. The third chapter makes an investigation on the grammaticalization process of the sentence pattern from a diachronic point of view. We think that the sentence pattern of "(yes) SVO" originated from the judgment sentence in Tang and Song dynasties. After the focal point of "yes", the rising syntactic status of attributive clause, the omission of topic subject NP, the inmaterialization of verb V and so on. It was only in the Ming and Qing dynasties that it finally took shape. From the point of view of formation time, the sentence pattern of "(yes) SVO" is more than that of others "(yes). The sentence pattern is much later. Even in the Ming and Qing dynasties at the end of the sentence pattern, the frequency of its use was not high, and the verb V and the object O did not develop into a typical "action-acceptance" relationship. These atypical characteristics make the sentence pattern of (yes) SVO show an immature state. In this way, we explain the synchronic characteristics of SVO sentence form from a diachronic point of view. The last chapter summarizes the research of this paper, including the shortcomings of theory and method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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