【摘要】：在漢語語言學(xué)研究中，把字句一直是研究的熱點(diǎn)。雖然如此，但是對于漢語兒童習(xí)得把字句的研究卻相對缺乏和不足，而且前人的研究多半是描述性的，旨在借助縱向數(shù)據(jù)來展示把字句的發(fā)展歷程。相比之下，對于兒童對該句型的具體特征的敏感度卻知之甚少。 本論文研究了漢語兒童對把字句某一特定句型的習(xí)得，即帶有地點(diǎn)補(bǔ)語的把字句：“把+名+動(dòng)+到/在+處所詞”。本文既研究了兒童對該句型的產(chǎn)出,又研究了兒童對該句型的理解。本研究包括三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn):實(shí)驗(yàn)一為誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)出，即在特定的語境中誘導(dǎo)實(shí)驗(yàn)對象產(chǎn)出目標(biāo)把字句；實(shí)驗(yàn)二為視頻驗(yàn)證，即讓實(shí)驗(yàn)對象根據(jù)視頻的內(nèi)容對測試句的真假值進(jìn)行判斷；實(shí)驗(yàn)三是動(dòng)作演示，即讓實(shí)驗(yàn)對象通過動(dòng)作來演示目標(biāo)句型的音頻所描述的事件。實(shí)驗(yàn)一旨在研究兒童對目標(biāo)句型的產(chǎn)出能力，實(shí)驗(yàn)二和實(shí)驗(yàn)三則是為了研究其對目標(biāo)句型的理解能力。在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，筆者分別對湘潭市三所幼兒園中三個(gè)不同年齡段的兒童（5-6，4-5和3-4）進(jìn)行了測試，參加實(shí)驗(yàn)的兒童的總?cè)藬?shù)為153。同時(shí)，一些成人作為控制組的實(shí)驗(yàn)對象也參與了該實(shí)驗(yàn)調(diào)查。 實(shí)驗(yàn)一的結(jié)果表明兒童對目標(biāo)把字句的產(chǎn)出量是成人的一半，且隨著年齡的增長，產(chǎn)出率不斷提高。實(shí)驗(yàn)二表明盡管兒童和成人判斷正確把字句的能力相差不大，但是相對于成人來說，兒童更加傾向?qū)﹀e(cuò)誤的句子做出肯定的判斷。隨著年齡的增長，兒童的判斷能力日益接近成人。實(shí)驗(yàn)三的結(jié)果顯示兒童在動(dòng)作演示中的表現(xiàn)與成人非常相似，這表明對于上述把字句，兒童和成人擁有相同的語言知識(shí)。根據(jù)上述的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，我們可以得出這樣的結(jié)論：盡管兒童在產(chǎn)出目標(biāo)把字句中的表現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)不如成人，但他們的確掌握了把字句方面的語言知識(shí)。在理解測試中，他們的表現(xiàn)近乎完美，這就是證據(jù)。據(jù)觀察，兒童或許因?yàn)樵谔幚戆炎志涞倪^程中，承受著認(rèn)知方面的壓力，，無法正常地使用目標(biāo)句型，所以產(chǎn)出率才會(huì)不高。
[Abstract]:In the study of Chinese linguistics, the word sentence has always been the focus of research. In spite of this, the study of Chinese children's acquisition of the word "Ba" is relatively scarce and inadequate, and most of the previous studies are descriptive, in order to show the development of the sentence by means of vertical data. By contrast, little is known about the sensitivity of children to the specific characteristics of the sentence pattern. This paper studies the acquisition of a particular sentence pattern by Chinese children, that is, a phrase with a place complement: "move the name to / from the place word". This paper not only studies the output of children to the sentence pattern, but also studies the children's understanding of the sentence pattern. This study consists of three experiments: experiment one is induced output, that is, to induce the experimental object to produce the target sentence in a specific context, the second experiment is video verification, that is, the experimental object is allowed to judge the true or false value of the test sentence according to the content of the video. The third experiment is the action demonstration, that is, the subject is asked to demonstrate the event described by the audio of the target sentence pattern through the action. The purpose of experiment 1 is to study the output ability of children to the target sentence pattern, while the second and third experiments are to study their ability to understand the target sentence pattern. In the experiment, the author tested three children of different ages (5 ~ 6, 4 ~ 5 and 3 ~ 4) in three kindergartens in Xiangtan City. The total number of children participating in the experiment was 153. At the same time, some adults participated in the experimental investigation as the subjects of the control group. The results of experiment 1 show that the output of target sentences is half of that of adults, and the output rate increases with the increase of age. Experiment 2 shows that although there is no significant difference in the ability of children and adults to correctly pronounce sentences, children are more likely to make positive judgments about the wrong sentences than adults. With the increase of age, children's judgment ability is getting closer and closer to that of adults. The results of experiment 3 show that the performance of children in action demonstration is very similar to that of adults, which indicates that children and adults have the same language knowledge for the above sentences. On the basis of the above results, we can conclude that although children do not perform as well as adults in the output target sentence, they do have a good command of the language knowledge of the sentence. In the understanding test, their performance is almost perfect, which is the evidence. It has been observed that children may not be able to use the target sentence pattern normally because they are under cognitive pressure in the process of dealing with the sentence, so the output rate will not be high.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：H193.1

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