【摘要】：非賓格假說一直以來都是句法學(xué)界研究和討論的熱點。許多學(xué)者利用這種假說對漢語非賓格動詞進(jìn)行了研究，但仍有許多問題沒有得到徹底的解決。比如，對于漢語不及物動詞帶賓語現(xiàn)象，許多學(xué)者主要從格理論和輕動詞進(jìn)行了闡述，但這些理論沒有普遍應(yīng)用性。漢語非賓格動詞帶賓語句式中，除了動詞后的受事論元外，句首還有個名詞短語。傳統(tǒng)的語法無法給這些名詞短語指派合適的角色。研究表明，，這類句子都屬于帶有中間論元與內(nèi)在論元的二元非賓格句。非賓格動詞前的名詞短語在論元結(jié)構(gòu)中都擔(dān)任經(jīng)驗者的角色，在句法結(jié)構(gòu)中都位于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的主語位置，它們到達(dá)主語位置的手段不是移位，而是基礎(chǔ)生成。 黃正德(2007)指出，不僅一元動詞分為非賓格和非作格動詞，二元和三元動詞也可以分為非賓格和非作格動詞。因此所有的動詞都可以歸結(jié)于非賓格系列和非作格系列中。在漢語的雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)中，“給、予”類動詞屬于非賓格系列，“偷、搶”類動詞屬于非作格系列。非賓格系列描述一切以受事為中心的事件，而非作格系列則代表一切以施事為中心的事件。我們把“給、予”類的雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)分析為三元非賓格結(jié)構(gòu)，即一個賓語（受事）及兩個主語（致事和歷事），“偷、搶”類動詞的雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)分析為三元非作格結(jié)構(gòu)，即一個主語（施事）及兩個賓語（受事和蒙事）。 被動句式中的動詞也被看作是一種派生的非賓格動詞，它是由相應(yīng)的及物動詞形成。經(jīng)過被動化的操作過程，原來的及物動詞的外論元受到抑制，同時動詞也喪失了原有的及物性，從而成了不及物動詞。被動動詞在賓語位置上基礎(chǔ)生成的賓語有時仍可保留在原位，這是漢語具有顯性非賓格現(xiàn)象的一個證據(jù)。本文認(rèn)為，動詞之后的論元名詞組雖然從動詞那里無法獲得賓格，但可以將空主語位置的主格繼承過來，漢語的名詞詞組移位則是為了生成一個無標(biāo)記話題。在論元名詞組留在原位的同時，漢語非賓格句子允許句首位置出現(xiàn)一個表示領(lǐng)屬的名詞組。該領(lǐng)有名詞組應(yīng)該分析為基礎(chǔ)生成的標(biāo)記性話題，由述語中的語義變量所允許。論元名詞組進(jìn)入空主語位置則生成受事主語句。
[Abstract]:The non-objective hypothesis has always been a hot topic in the field of sentence law. Many scholars have used this hypothesis to study Chinese non-object verbs, but there are still many problems that have not been solved thoroughly. For example, the phenomenon of intransitive verb with object in Chinese has been expounded by many scholars mainly from case theory and light verb, but these theories are not universally applied. There is a noun phrase at the beginning of the sentence, in addition to the patient argument after the verb. Traditional grammar cannot assign proper roles to these noun phrases. It is shown that these sentences belong to binary unobjective sentences with intermediate argument and internal argument. The noun phrases before the unobjective verbs play the role of empiricists in the argument structure and the standard subject positions in the syntactic structures. The means to reach the subject positions are not the shift but the basic generation. Huang Zhengde (2007) pointed out that not only the univariate verbs can be divided into non-objective and non-ergative verbs, but also the binary and ternary verbs can be divided into non-objective and non-ergative verbs. Therefore, all verbs can be attributed to the non-case series and non-ergative series. In the double object structure of Chinese, the verb of "give, give" belongs to the series of unobjectibles, and the verb of "steal, rob" belongs to the series of non-errands. The non-bin series describes all events centered on the patient, and the non-ergative series represents all the events centered on the agent. We analyze the double object structure of "giving, giving" as a three-element non-object structure, that is, one object (subject) and two subjects (cause and history), and the double object structure of "steal, rob" type verb is analyzed as a ternary non-case structure. That is, a subject (agent) and two objects (subject and mischief). The verb in the passive sentence is also regarded as a derivative unobjective verb, which is formed by the corresponding transitive verb. After the passive operation, the external argument of the original transitive verb is restrained, and the verb also loses its original and transitivity, thus becoming intransitive verb. The object generated by passive verbs in the position of object can sometimes be retained in the same position, which is a proof of the phenomenon of explicit non-object in Chinese. This paper holds that although the argument name phrase after the verb can not obtain the object case from the verb, it can inherit the subject case of the empty subject position, and the shift of the noun phrase in Chinese is in order to generate an unmarked topic. While the argument name phrase remains in place, the Chinese unobjective sentence allows the appearance of a name phrase at the beginning of the sentence. The famous phrase should be analyzed as a basis for generating marked topics, which are permitted by the semantic variables in the predicate. The argument name phrase enters the empty subject position and generates the subject sentence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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