發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-26 19:46

【摘要】：作為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪姓f話方式的特點(diǎn)之一,幽默以一種獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)范式,廣泛地存在于我們的交流體系之中。從幽默的內(nèi)涵來看,它不僅僅是承載語言的概念體系,同樣也具有文化的特征。在它獨(dú)樹一幟的語言形態(tài)中,包藏了豐富的內(nèi)蘊(yùn)解讀意義。 當(dāng)然,從微觀的個(gè)體角度來看,幽默本身已經(jīng)儲(chǔ)備了思維、理念以及人生觀等諸多層面的信息單元意義。從宏觀的整體視角上看,幽默同樣反映出了一個(gè)國家、民族的特征。英漢文化的體系中,都包括了歷史、文化、社會(huì)風(fēng)俗、心理特征等諸多的內(nèi)涵信息。通過英漢幽默文化的研究,我們可以比較全面地對中國文化以及西方文化有一個(gè)認(rèn)識。 “幽默”雖然是整個(gè)民族文化體系中的一支不可或缺的組成部分,但從當(dāng)下的研究狀況來看,學(xué)術(shù)界對于幽默文化的研究并未形成完善的體系結(jié)構(gòu)。在現(xiàn)有的研究成果來看,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),對于幽默的研究,有一個(gè)歷史性的動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展過程。從原先主要的修辭學(xué)范疇逐漸向社會(huì)學(xué)以及人類學(xué)的方向拓展。在語用學(xué)的視角研究下,幽默的研究領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)不再局限于原先的語義學(xué)范疇,而是獲得了更為寬泛的研究面與上升、發(fā)展的空間。如果我們將我國與西方在幽默學(xué)上的研究進(jìn)行橫向?qū)Ρ鹊脑?我們可以看到二者之間存在的差異,即西方已經(jīng)逐漸趨于完備的自足性體系,例如,優(yōu)越論、釋放論、不協(xié)調(diào)論等都是其中作為明顯的研究成果。而我國雖然也有零星的觀點(diǎn),比如林語堂、魯迅等學(xué)者,紛紛闡述過一些具有價(jià)值的個(gè)人見解內(nèi)容,但主體上仍舊主要沿襲于西方研究的理論成果,當(dāng)代研究的理論成果也尚處于一種較為淺顯的階段,并未建構(gòu)起中國化的幽默系統(tǒng)。此外,目前對幽默的研究多在認(rèn)知框架下,從哲學(xué),心理學(xué)及精神分析的角度,研究幽默的生成,理解及其接受機(jī)制,但對其具體的應(yīng)用功能卻沒有系統(tǒng)的論述。 本研究從網(wǎng)上及其笑話書上搜集了大量的語言資料,通過比較與對比的研究方法,旨在對英漢言語幽默在認(rèn)知語用這個(gè)大框架里面進(jìn)行全方位的,立體式的對比研究。首先利用語言學(xué)的預(yù)設(shè),指示語與合作原則分析英漢言語幽默的生成機(jī)制,其次試圖從幽默的方式以及利用修辭來對比研究兩種幽默的相似之處,最后從文化及其語言的角度闡述兩種幽默的不同。通過對兩種不同言語幽默的對比研究,總結(jié)并發(fā)現(xiàn)言語幽默具有釋放,親善,化解,批評及其教育的應(yīng)用功能。
[Abstract]:As one of the characteristics of speaking style in people's daily life, humor widely exists in our communication system with a unique artistic paradigm. From the connotation of humor, it is not only the concept system of language, but also has the characteristics of culture. In its unique language form, it contains rich connotations of meaning. Of course, from the micro perspective of individuals, humor itself has already reserved the meaning of information unit in many aspects, such as thinking, idea and outlook on life and so on. From the macro perspective, humor also reflects the characteristics of a nation. The system of English and Chinese culture includes many connotations such as history, culture, social customs, psychological characteristics and so on. Through the study of English and Chinese humorous culture, we can have a comprehensive understanding of Chinese culture and western culture. "humor" is an indispensable part of the whole national culture system, but from the current research situation, the academic research on humor culture has not formed a perfect system structure. From the current research results, we can easily find that there is a historical dynamic process in the study of humor. From the original main rhetorical category gradually to the direction of sociology and anthropology. From the perspective of pragmatics, the research field of humor is no longer confined to the original scope of semantics, but has gained a broader research area and a space for development. If we compare the study of humor between China and the West horizontally, we can see the difference between the two, that is, the West has gradually become a complete self-contained system, for example, the theory of superiority, the theory of release. The theory of disharmony is one of the obvious research results. Although there are sporadic viewpoints in our country, such as Lin Yutang, Lu Xun and other scholars, who have expounded some valuable personal opinions, but the main body is still mainly following the theoretical achievements of western research. The theoretical achievements of contemporary research are still in a relatively simple stage, and the Chinese humor system has not been constructed. In addition, most of the researches on humor are based on the cognitive framework, from the perspective of philosophy, psychology and psychoanalysis, to study the generation, understanding and acceptance mechanism of humor, but there is no systematic discussion on its specific application functions. This study collects a great deal of language materials from the Internet and joke books. By means of comparative and contrastive research, the purpose of this study is to carry out a comprehensive, three-dimensional contrastive study of English and Chinese verbal humor within the framework of cognitive pragmatics. In this paper, we first use linguistic presupposition, deixis and cooperative principles to analyze the generating mechanism of verbal humor in English and Chinese, and then try to compare the similarities between the two kinds of humor by means of humor and rhetoric. Finally, from the point of view of culture and language, this paper expounds the differences between the two kinds of humor. Through the comparative study of two different kinds of verbal humor, it is concluded and found that verbal humor has the functions of release, goodwill, resolution, criticism and education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H313;H13

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