現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)句中簡(jiǎn)單狀語(yǔ)的功能研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-25 22:24
【摘要】：自徐杰提出謂頭是漢語(yǔ)的第三個(gè)句法敏感位置且最為特殊之后,學(xué)者們開始意識(shí)到句中簡(jiǎn)單狀語(yǔ)的地位問題�？偟恼f來,過去對(duì)于句中簡(jiǎn)單狀語(yǔ)的研究缺乏語(yǔ)篇視點(diǎn),而且局限于孤立地分析在句中作狀語(yǔ)的那些構(gòu)式,或者研究處所狀語(yǔ),或者研究方位狀語(yǔ),或者是研究具體的那些做狀語(yǔ)的構(gòu)式以及它的語(yǔ)用功能等,對(duì)它們的研究缺乏系統(tǒng)性,比較零散。按照功能語(yǔ)法的觀點(diǎn),語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式的多樣性源于交際中不同的功能需求,脫離真實(shí)的篇章和自然的言談,難以有效地揭示構(gòu)式的語(yǔ)義。鑒于此,本文嘗試用認(rèn)知語(yǔ)法、構(gòu)件語(yǔ)法和篇章語(yǔ)法的理論作基礎(chǔ),運(yùn)用定量分析法和描寫與解釋相結(jié)合的方法,對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中的句中簡(jiǎn)單狀語(yǔ)從句法和篇章的角度來進(jìn)行研究,討論其成句功能及篇章功能,并對(duì)其原因進(jìn)行分析,以證明句中簡(jiǎn)單狀語(yǔ)的重要性。 本文的句中簡(jiǎn)單狀語(yǔ)主要是指在句子主謂之間做狀語(yǔ)的單詞,要考察的功能是單詞在句子主謂之間做狀語(yǔ)之后所具有的成句和篇章功能。這些單詞在謂語(yǔ)前面作描寫或限制狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可能會(huì)與其它一些緊接其后的狀語(yǔ)同時(shí)存在,但只要首位狀語(yǔ)與其后的狀語(yǔ)沒有語(yǔ)義聯(lián)系,這首位狀語(yǔ)就是本文的考察范圍。本文認(rèn)為,句中簡(jiǎn)單狀語(yǔ)在句中有成句功能,主要由助動(dòng)詞、部分名詞、部分副詞和部分形容詞充當(dāng),它們?cè)诰渲斜硎緯r(shí)體、語(yǔ)氣、程度、情態(tài)等范疇,能讓句子具有表述性,從而與現(xiàn)實(shí)發(fā)生一定的聯(lián)系,實(shí)現(xiàn)句子的現(xiàn)實(shí)功能：指稱明確、時(shí)體清晰、語(yǔ)氣完整等,因而這些句中簡(jiǎn)單狀語(yǔ)可作為完句成分。一些本來就有連接義的關(guān)聯(lián)副詞、表示評(píng)注性的副詞、限制性副詞以及時(shí)間副詞等詞充當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單狀語(yǔ),能在篇章中起到銜接作用,并主要通過語(yǔ)義邏輯連接和照應(yīng)這兩個(gè)手段來完成。句中簡(jiǎn)單狀語(yǔ)的篇章銜接功能還不是很完全,有篇章銜接功能的句中簡(jiǎn)單狀語(yǔ)也不是很多,但語(yǔ)言是一個(gè)不斷變化發(fā)展的過程,當(dāng)句中簡(jiǎn)單狀語(yǔ)的某些語(yǔ)用義被頻繁的臨時(shí)使用時(shí),有進(jìn)一步演化為固定的篇章銜接標(biāo)志的可能,能推動(dòng)銜接標(biāo)記的不斷衍生。 本文的研究豐富、深化了對(duì)漢語(yǔ)中句中簡(jiǎn)單狀語(yǔ)的研究,研究成果可以運(yùn)用到漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)中,這對(duì)對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)來說也是一個(gè)新的教學(xué)角度,對(duì)于留學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中比較復(fù)雜的狀語(yǔ)來說,無(wú)疑是一大幫助,具有一定的實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Since Xu Jie proposed that predicate head is the third and most special syntactic sensitive position in Chinese, scholars have begun to realize the status of simple adverbial in sentences. In general, previous studies of simple adverbials in sentences lacked a textual perspective and were limited to the isolated analysis of the constructions used as adverbials in a sentence, or the study of locative adverbials or locational adverbials. Or the study of specific adverbial constructions and its pragmatic functions, lack of systematic research on them, relatively scattered. According to the viewpoint of functional grammar, the diversity of forms of language expression originates from different functional needs in communication, and it is difficult to reveal the semantics of construction effectively without the real text and natural discourse. In view of this, this paper attempts to use the theories of cognitive grammar, component grammar and textual grammar as the basis, using the method of quantitative analysis and the combination of description and explanation. In order to prove the importance of the simple adverbial in the sentence, this paper makes a study of the simple adverbial in modern Chinese from the perspective of syntax and text, discusses the function of the sentence and the function of the text, and analyzes the reasons for the function of the simple adverbial in the sentence in order to prove the importance of the simple adverbial in the sentence. The simple adverbial in this paper mainly refers to the words that do adverbial between the subject and predicate of the sentence. The function to be examined is the function of the word after the adverbial between the subject and the predicate of the sentence has the function of sentence formation and text. These words may exist at the same time as other adverbials immediately following them when describing or limiting adverbials before predicates, but as long as the first adverbial has no semantic connection with the adverbial after it, this first adverbial is the scope of this article. This paper holds that the simple adverbial in the sentence has the function of sentence formation, which is mainly served by auxiliary verbs, some nouns, some adverbs and some adjectives. They can express the category of tense, mood, degree and modality in the sentence, which can make the sentence expressive. Therefore, the simple adverbial in these sentences can be regarded as the component of the complete sentence because of its clear reference, clear tense and complete mood. Some related adverbs, which already have connective meanings, indicate that commentaries, restrictive adverbs and time adverbs act as simple adverbials and play a cohesive role in the text. And mainly through the semantic logical connection and reference to these two means to complete. The function of textual cohesion of simple adverbial in sentence is not very complete, and there are not many simple adverbials in sentences with textual cohesion, but language is a changing and developing process. When some of the pragmatic meanings of the simple adverbial in the sentence are frequently and temporarily used, there is the possibility of further evolution into a fixed textual cohesion marker, which can promote the continuous derivation of cohesion markers. The research in this paper is rich and deepens the study of simple adverbial in Chinese sentence. The research results can be applied to Chinese teaching, which is also a new teaching angle for teaching Chinese as a foreign language. It is undoubtedly a great help for foreign students to learn complex adverbials in modern Chinese and has certain practical application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：H146
本文編號(hào)：2357543
[Abstract]:Since Xu Jie proposed that predicate head is the third and most special syntactic sensitive position in Chinese, scholars have begun to realize the status of simple adverbial in sentences. In general, previous studies of simple adverbials in sentences lacked a textual perspective and were limited to the isolated analysis of the constructions used as adverbials in a sentence, or the study of locative adverbials or locational adverbials. Or the study of specific adverbial constructions and its pragmatic functions, lack of systematic research on them, relatively scattered. According to the viewpoint of functional grammar, the diversity of forms of language expression originates from different functional needs in communication, and it is difficult to reveal the semantics of construction effectively without the real text and natural discourse. In view of this, this paper attempts to use the theories of cognitive grammar, component grammar and textual grammar as the basis, using the method of quantitative analysis and the combination of description and explanation. In order to prove the importance of the simple adverbial in the sentence, this paper makes a study of the simple adverbial in modern Chinese from the perspective of syntax and text, discusses the function of the sentence and the function of the text, and analyzes the reasons for the function of the simple adverbial in the sentence in order to prove the importance of the simple adverbial in the sentence. The simple adverbial in this paper mainly refers to the words that do adverbial between the subject and predicate of the sentence. The function to be examined is the function of the word after the adverbial between the subject and the predicate of the sentence has the function of sentence formation and text. These words may exist at the same time as other adverbials immediately following them when describing or limiting adverbials before predicates, but as long as the first adverbial has no semantic connection with the adverbial after it, this first adverbial is the scope of this article. This paper holds that the simple adverbial in the sentence has the function of sentence formation, which is mainly served by auxiliary verbs, some nouns, some adverbs and some adjectives. They can express the category of tense, mood, degree and modality in the sentence, which can make the sentence expressive. Therefore, the simple adverbial in these sentences can be regarded as the component of the complete sentence because of its clear reference, clear tense and complete mood. Some related adverbs, which already have connective meanings, indicate that commentaries, restrictive adverbs and time adverbs act as simple adverbials and play a cohesive role in the text. And mainly through the semantic logical connection and reference to these two means to complete. The function of textual cohesion of simple adverbial in sentence is not very complete, and there are not many simple adverbials in sentences with textual cohesion, but language is a changing and developing process. When some of the pragmatic meanings of the simple adverbial in the sentence are frequently and temporarily used, there is the possibility of further evolution into a fixed textual cohesion marker, which can promote the continuous derivation of cohesion markers. The research in this paper is rich and deepens the study of simple adverbial in Chinese sentence. The research results can be applied to Chinese teaching, which is also a new teaching angle for teaching Chinese as a foreign language. It is undoubtedly a great help for foreign students to learn complex adverbials in modern Chinese and has certain practical application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：H146
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